[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 73 



period, especially on the Restigouche and Miramichi, and the fishery 

 was a great aid to the Acadian settlements along the North Shore and 

 in Bay Chaleur. 



h. Location of mineral resources. These appear not to have deter- 

 mined settlements in this period, aside from the local influence of some 

 mining of coal at Newcastle on Grand Lake, and of the burning of 

 limestone at St. John, and to some extent at Passamaquoddy (Letang). 



i Positions of natural charm. As before, these appear not to 

 have been determinative of settlement in this period, excepting perhaps 

 in the locations of individual houses. 



6. The Period of Active Immigration (1812-1850). 



This period began with the close of the war of 1813, continued 

 through some forty years of peaceful development marked by a siteady 

 native expansion and especially by an active immigration from Great 

 Britain and Ireland, and closed with the partial cessation of European 

 immigration and the beginning of a native exodus or emigration about 

 ]850. The distribution of settlements formed in this period is shown 

 in synopsis on the aceorapanying map (Map IsTo. 11), while their origins 

 are as follows : 



A. Historical Factors. 



a. Promotion of immigration by the New Brunswick and British 

 Governments. Emigration from Great Britain practically ceased during 

 the war of 1812, which lasted until 1814. Soon after its close the 

 New Brunsrsvick Government, fully convinced that an industrious 

 popuhition was now the great essential for the growth of the province, 

 took steps to promote immigration. In 1816 the House of Assembly 

 voted £1,000 for the purpose of " encouraging immigrants from Great 

 Britain and Ireland by paying passage as an expedient." This money 

 seems to have been used to hire a vessel which in that year ])rought 100 

 emigrants from Perthshire, Scotland, to New Brunswick.^ What other 

 steps were taken in the next two years, I have been unable to learn and 

 the immigration during that time seems not to have been large; but 



' As related by John Mann, in his "Travels in North America" (see Biblio- 

 graphy). Most of the immigrants of this period came out in the ships engaged 

 in carrying lumber to England. Thus in a special Report on Immigration in 

 1S."0 (Journal of the Now Brunswick Society for the Encouragement of Agri- 

 culture, etc., Part II) we read, "The great facility for procuring passages in 

 European Ships coming to St. John for Timber has been the reason why so many 

 Immigrants have arrived there, and will probably continue to be an inducement 

 for many more to come during the continuance of the present Timber Trade." 



