84 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



the 8th and 98th regiments were also settled.^ These new settlements 

 thus formed were long known as the military settlements. Another 

 tract was laid out for these regiments, especially for the 98th, along 

 the Fredericton and St. Andrews road between the Oromocto and 

 Magaguadavic, but Ihe lands here, where settled at all, were mostly- 

 soon abandoned, so that this location originated only the present small 

 settlement at Piskahegan.2 Yet another military location laid out 

 at this time (June, 1818), for the 90th regiment, on the portage be- 

 tween the Nashwaak and the Miramichi, was likewise scantily settled 

 and soon abandoned. A year later in June, 1819, the West India 

 Eangers, another British regiment, was disbanded at St. John, and 

 some sixty of its members accepted the offer of lands and were settled 

 on the east side of the river above the Tobique, founding there the 

 present Ranger Settlement, while one of the men later founded Prosser 

 Brook Settlement in Albert. 



c. Immigration from the United States. During this period there 

 was a considerable immigration from the United States, and it is 

 probable that practically the entire number of immigrants, 1,31:4, given 

 in the census of 1851 as fro'm " foreign countries " were from the 

 United States. This immigration seems to have had but a single 

 impulse and motive, namely, the desire of certain progressive 

 individuals to take advantage of the opportunities offered in 

 the growing province, especially in the timber trade, and most 

 of the Americans who came to New Brunswick in this period seemed 

 to have been connected with lumbering. In the early part of 

 the period there was a great and profitable 'exportation of pine 

 timber from all the principal rivers of New Brunswick and in 

 this they engaged. Some of these persons made their homes in 

 the province, as the census implies, but many others appear 

 to have resided here but temporarily, returning later to their 

 native land. Thus in 1825, Fisher in his " Sketches of New Bruns- 

 wick," says (page 57), " Formerly the woods swarmed with American 

 adventurers, who cut as they pleased," and again he speaks of the 

 extent to which Newcastle and Chatham have suffered from non- 

 resident lumbermen, though these may not have been all Americans. 



^ Presumably these regiments were settled in blocks, keeping men of the same 

 regiment together, but I have not been able to separate them with the data at my 

 disposal, excepting that it is said locally that tht " Kent Regiment " was settled 

 from Kiver de Chute to Aroostook. 



* These lands were mostly of extremely poor-quality, ^rany such mistakes 

 have been made in the location of settlements in tie Province, indeed, the entire 

 past management of immigration by the Province, exhibits the vacillation, 

 inefficiency and expensiveness apparently inseparablr from the conduct of affairs 

 by democratic governments. 



