[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 85 



For the most part these American immigrants scattered among the 

 older settlements, but in a few cases they formed distinct settlements, 

 of which the most important formed in this period was that of Boies- 

 town, founded about 1831 by a group of Americans headed by the 

 energetic Thomas Boies, and this settlement afterwards attained to 

 much importance, some of wlhich it still retains. Stymest settlement 

 on tïïe Tabusintac and Berry's Mills near Moncton are others of this 

 origin,^ while Shirley, near Oromocto, is a growing settlement said to 

 be thus founded. In this period, also, many more Americans settled 

 at Grand Manan, and some along the upper St. John above Madawaska. 

 There was also some movement of Americans across the international 

 boundary into Carleton County, notable to Paries Ilill, Union Corner 

 ajid elsewhere. 



Of a very different character was another immigration from the 

 United States in this period. During the war of 1813 many slaves in 

 Maryland and Virginia escaped from their masters and found a refuge 

 on the British war vessels in Chesapeake Bay. At the close of the 

 war, in 1815, some 300 of them were brought to St. John, and in 1817 

 were assigned lands near Loch Lomond, where they founded the 

 present negro settlement at Willow Grove, now small and declining. 

 Other negroes, fugitive slaves from the Southern United States, came 

 later to the Province, but they settled in the towns, forming no new 

 settlements, and later some of them removed to Sierra Leone.- The 

 negro settlement at Otnabog has another origin, as earlier noted. 



d. Native expansion. Throughout this period the native settle- 

 ments were also steadily expanding. This took the form both of con- 

 solidation and extension of existing settlements as well as of a move- 

 ment to new lands, either to neighbouring uplands or to the uppermost 

 courses of the rivers. In Charlotte there was expansion up tlie 

 St. Croix, to Lynn field, PinTcerton and Anderson on the back lands, up 

 the Digdeguasih to EoUingdam, Whittiers Ridge and other places, to 

 Brochway, and to parts of Pennfield. From the St. John river settle- 

 ments there was expansion to Howard Settlement, to Durham, up the 

 Nerepis to Petersville, to London Settlement, to Hardin g ville, Golden 

 Grove, Damascus, Barnesville, probably to Campbell Settlement, Marh- 

 hamville, and other places between Hammond river and Kennebecasis, 

 Goshen, Cornhill, Samphill, Traceyvillc, Victoria, Campbell Settle- 

 ment, Oldham, Spnngfield, Dorrington Hill, and minor places. Very 



' The names Fish, Sargeant, Willard, Coll, Witherell, Cushman, on the Mira- 

 miclii are said to be those of American immigrants of this period. 



' Smith's History of INIethodism, which contains valuable material on this 

 subject. An important article on the negro in New Brunswick is by Raymond 

 in "Neith," (St. John, N.B.), Vol. I, 27. 



