[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 87 



settlements of Gowland (commonly misprinted Golden) Mountain, 

 Church Hill and Midland. Upon the back lands of Albert the older 

 settlers joinoyd by a few immigrants, founded (chiefly from Hills- 

 borough), Baltimore, Irving, Berry town, Dawson, Bound Hill, and 

 (from Hopewell) Chester, Caledonia, Memcl, Woodworth, Curryville, 

 and (from Alma) Hastings. In Westmorland, it wasi expansion of the 

 older settlers joined by occasional immigrants which established in this 

 period^ Beech Hill, Fairfield, Cookville, Mount Pleasant, Ahoushagan 

 Road and Anderson. The Black River Settlement of Northumberland 

 extended up that river, and the native settlers up Bay du Vin River, 

 while Youghall was settled by both native and immigrant settlers'. An 

 expansion from Jacquet Eiver formed Boyle Settlement. 



During this period also siome of the immigrant settlements dating 

 from early in the period had time to expand to new settlements before 

 its close. Thus, the military settlements expanded to the present Car- 

 hngford, Cardigan appears to have expanded to Hamtown and Wood- 

 lands, New Bandon to Innishayinon, and Black Rock, the Scotch of 

 Durham to Archibald Settlement, and those of Dalhousie to the back 

 lots including Dundee, McKinnon and Russell settlements. 



An important feature of native expansion in this period wag the 

 formation of the Mechanics' Association settlements from St. John.^ 

 The years following the prosperous expansion of the timber trade in the 

 30'g were years of great business depression in New Brunswick, throw- 

 ing many mechanics in the cities out of work, entailing great distress. 

 In order to relieve this, associations were formed in St. John to settle 

 these unemployed mechanics upon farms, and in 1841 to after 1843 

 at least three of such settlements were formed, the Mechanics' Settle- 

 ment in Kings and Albert, the Maxwell Settlement on Eel river and 

 Mount Theobald in St. Joh'^. All of these were settled but they were 

 partially abandoned on the return of good times, the latter entirely so. 



Another important pha^e of expansion in this period was that 

 of the Acadians. Those of Madawaska spread both up and down 

 the St. John, a small group apparently settling temporarily as far 

 down as the mouth of the Aroostook, and a number extended above 

 the mouth of the Madawaska.- The French settlements of Kingsclear 

 expanded to Myshrall Settlement. Those of the Petitcodiac spr. ;-d in 

 part down that river from Fox Creek, and up from Belliveau until they 

 were separated only by the Hillsborough extension settlement of Dover, 

 and thereafter they joined their fellow countrymen on the North Shore. 



^ On these, see Gesner, New Brunswick, 144 and 171. 



'■' Their distribution in 1840 is shown with the greatest clearness on 

 special map in the British Boundary blue book of that year. 



