[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 89 



together as one people, and all foreign relations were friendly. Hence 

 settlement was not affected by this factor in this period. 



/. Artificial improvements in communication. This period was one 

 of active road building in New Brunswick, practically all of the great 

 lines of communication being completed in this time, and this road 

 building powerfully affected the distribution of settlements.^ During 

 the war of 1812 all road-building effort had been, for military reasons 

 (that being the only British winter route from the sea to Canada), 

 centred upon the road to Canada, which ran by the St. Jo)hn and 

 Madawaska to Quebec, but it was not co'mpleted for many years. After 

 the close of the war work was at once resumed upon the other roads. 

 Those built in the earlier period (as shown on Map jSTo. 10) \vere 

 improved, large numbers were built along the river valleys and along 

 the coasts from one settlement to another, and the new trunk lines 

 between the great centres were taken up and completed in approxi- 

 mately the following order: That from Fredericton along the Nash- 

 waak valley to Miramichi was finished about 1819; the old jSTerepis road 

 from Fredericton by Oromocto and the Nerepis to St. John was finished 

 prior to 1826, as was the old Shepody road, and also the road from 

 Shediac through Cocagne, Buctouche, Eichibucto to Chatham (appar- 

 ently marked out prior to 1827 as a part of a great road from Halifax 

 to Quebec), while it was oxt-^^ndod from the Miramichi to Bathurst some- 

 what later. Prior to 1830 a road was commenced from Fredericton direct- 

 ly io Grand Falls as a direct mail route to Canada, but only a few miles 

 were ever finished. In 1833-1834 the New Brunswick and Nova 

 Scotia Land Company road from near Cardigan to the Miramichi 

 through Stanley was built. About this time a new road to St. Andrews 

 (explored 1826, 1827) by way of Hanwell and passing west of Oromocto 

 Lake was laid out. Later the Fredericton-Chipman road was built 

 (but was not extended to Eichibucto until after 1850), as was about the 

 same time the Canaan-]\[oncton direct road, which was apparently 

 intended to run directly to Chipman, forming a short road from Fred- 

 ericton to Westmorland. After 1840 the Eel Eiver-Oak Bay road, 

 connecting with St. Stephen and St. Andrews, was finished, and a little 

 later one from Prince William through Magundy and Magaguadavic 

 Eidge, which was later extended down the Magaguadavic to the St. 

 Andrews road. Many other roads, including some through the wildest 

 parts of the Province, were projected, in some cases surveyed and 

 even opened out (as in the road of 1839 from Nerepis to Eed Eock), 

 but they were later abandoned, though some of them are shown with 

 great definiteness on older maps of the Province. 



* A full description of these roads at the close of the period is in Johnston's 

 Report, 2nd éd.. 19. 



