[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 91 



and later, Andovcr for Victoria, Dalhousie for Eestigouche and Hope- 

 well for Albert. 



C. Environmental Factors. 



During this period the environmental factors were the same as in 

 the preceding periods, with, however, two modifications. First, com- 

 munication having been much improved, especially by the building of 

 roads, it now became possible to form settlements away from tha 

 navigable waterways, and second, all of the best positions, and most 

 of the best lands, having been preempted by the earlier settlers, it was 

 necessary for the settlements of this period to be formed largely in 

 less advantageous situations. Couisidered broadly the new settlements 

 of this period occupied four kinds of situations. 



First, they were formed on certain parts of the coast presenting 

 fair lands, and not previously taken up. Such settlements were almost 

 entirely those of the new immigrants, and they included Mascareen and 

 Letang, Irishtown (Pisarinco), the coast from Shemogue to Jourimain, 

 including Murray's Corners, Napan, perhaps Douglastown and Nelson, 

 PoJcemouche, New Bandon, Belledune, and all of the Scotch settlements, 

 thence along Bay Chaleur to Restigouche. Evidently the factor of 

 accessibility was here strongly operative, and it is notable that these 

 included many of the earliest settlements of the period. Of native 

 settlements formed in this situation, the most important was that 

 around Meringuin peninsula. 



Second, they occupied lands on the principal rivers above the older 

 settlements, and in such cases, with the exception of the Militarg Settle- 

 ments along the St. John above Presquile, they included almost pure 

 native expansion settlements, as on the DigdeguasTi, Magaguadaric, Eel 

 River, both branches of the Oromocto, Becaguimec, Tohique, Fetitcodiac 

 and its branches, Follet River, Coverdale, Turtle Creek, Black and Bay 

 du Vin Rivers. In other cases these settlements consisted of mixed 

 native settlers and immigrants, as on both branches of the Nerepis, 

 en Salmon River (Queens), the Ricliihucto, and perhaps the other 

 principal rivers of Kent, and the principal branches of the Miramichi, 

 the Northwest, Little Southwest, Renous. Barnahys, Bartholomews and 

 the upper part of the IVfain South West, including- Hayesville and 

 CampheU. The only cases kno^\Ti to me of pure immigrant settlements 

 m this situation are Cains River and the Bartihog, Avhich appear to be 

 entirely Irish above their lower courses. 



Third, they occupied positions along the courses of the great roads, 

 which gave access to new tracts of good lands, and which at the same 

 time the settlements helped to keep open for travel. Thus» wore located 

 Military Settlements on the great reads from Fredericton to ^liramichi 



