92 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



and from Fredericton to St. Andrews, and also Harvey, ILniwell, 

 Brockway, tJie Scotch Settlement in New Maryland, Carlow, Western 

 Scotch Settlement, the Londonderry and New Ireland Settlements on 

 the Shcpody road, Emigrant Settlement on the old Quaco road, Fred- 

 ericton Road, Botsford Portage, Blade River (Kent), and New Gallo- 

 way, Upper Bay du Vin, and many of lesser consiequence down to indi- 

 vidual settlers scattered along the lines of the great roads'. 



Fourth, they occupied good tracts of lands, commonly ridges, on 

 the back lands as near to the old settlements as good lands could be 

 found, which was sometimes near and sometimes remote.'- New roads 

 were built to such places, which later often became extended through 

 to connect with other roadg, thus becoming through routes of travel. 

 These settlements included both native expansion and immigrant set- 

 tlements. Of the former the most important by far was the solid 

 group of native settlements, including only a small Scotch and a small 

 Irish settlement,^ which filled up the good uplands of Carleton County 

 west of the St. John river, and to some extent the eastern side, and a 

 similar native settlement Avith some immigrant addition was Howard 

 Settlement. Other native settlements of this character were Lynnfield, 

 and small neighbouring settlements, Whittie7-'s Ridge, Victoria, Campbell 

 (Southampton), those on the uplands of Kings County, and those on 

 the back lands of Albert and Westmorland. Of the immigrant settle- 

 ments, the more important were Baillie, Clarence Hill, Tryon, Flume 

 Ridge, Neivhurg, Magundy, Blaney, and Magaguadavic Ridges, with 

 Pohioh Settlement and Lake George, Cardigan, Tay, those formed by 

 the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company, Hibernia, Law- 

 field, Neiv Jerusalem, Clones, Enniskillen, Boyne, Patterson, Bally shan- 

 non, East Scotch Settlement, English Settlement, Irish Settlement, 



^ The following passage from Johnston's North America (II, 171) expresses 

 the origin no doubt of many of these native settlements of this character. He is 

 speaking of Harvey settlement in York County. 



" Behind the second tier of farms are extensive caribou plains and pine swamps 

 as far as the Magadavic Lake ; but, exploring in search of good land, the young 

 pioneers of the settlement have discovered a tract of rich hardwood land in the 

 midst of the wilderness beyond this lake, to which there is at present no access 

 for want of roads, and no facility of settlement, because of its present remoteness 

 from all human habitations. It is by such explorations, the results of natural 

 expansion, that the better lands are discovered, and the means of successful exten- 

 sion afforded to the families of the older settlers." 



The next step in such a case as this would ho for the young settlors to ai>ply 

 to the Government for the land, and for aid to build a road to it. The land would 

 then be surveyed, a road built (if not too distant), the lands would be allotted, 

 and a new settlement would arise. 



* Also apparently some English immigrants at Pli/mouth and Ivi/s Corner 

 and some Americans at Parks Hill and elsewhere. 



