98 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



prairie lands of the west and the great cities of the United States. The 

 former have attracted European immigrants who otherwise would have 

 settled in New Brunswick, while the latter have drawn away a large 

 part of the progressive, or restless, youth of the province. This has 

 shown its effects in settlement, causing the latter to be much less than 

 it otherwise, or normally, would be. 



b. Continued hut lessening European immigratiou. The opening 

 of the period found immigration from Great Britain and Ireland still 

 active, but beginning to lessen. This is brought out clearly by the 

 comparison of the following figures v^ith corresponding tables given 

 earlier. They are from the Appendix to the Journals of the House 

 of Assembly for 1860-1, and they represent the official returns of the 

 entire immigration to the province in these years: — 



1851 3.470 1856 708 



1852 2,165 1857 607 



1853 3.762 1858 390 



1854 3,440 1859 230 



1855 1.539 



From this time to the present, with some fluctuations, immigration 

 has continued small, and, as a whole, it has continued to decrease. 

 As before, most of the new settlers were Trish,^ and distributed them- 

 selves among the older settlements, and there appear to be very few 

 new immigrant settlements founded between 1850 and 1870. Kitchen 

 Settlement, Marr Settlement, Emigrant Settlement (Sunbury), New 

 Scotland. Ennishone, apparently belong to this period, as do some of the 

 settlements of the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company. 

 Tn the next decade, however, the Government put forward special efforts 

 to attract immigration, sending special commissioners abroad and pro- 

 viding very liberally, at great expense, for new immigrants.- In this 

 way the colonies of Danes in the Danish Settlement, and of Scotch 

 in Kintore, Stonehaven, Glassville, and of English from near Bristol 

 ir Balmoral, were introduced, originating these settlements, all but the 

 last of wliich are thriving. These represent the latest important 

 immigrant settlements formed in New Brunswick. 



Another form of European immigration in this period was the 

 arrival of large numbers of workmen (chiefly from Ireland), to work 

 on the construction of the new railroads, and many of them set- 

 tled in the province. Thus, in 1848, as already noted, 200 Irisli 



' On the relative value of Scotch and Irish as settlers, see Ward in the Blue- 

 book Emigration Report for 1843, page 37. 



' In a valuable " Report on Mr. Brown's Mission to Great Britain and 

 Ireland for the' promotion of Emigration to New Brunswick " (Fredericton. 

 1863), it is stated that New Brunswick did not pay the passage money of emi- 

 grants as other colonies did, but apparently this was done later. 



