[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 99 



workmen were sent out from his Irish estates at Wicklow, by Eaii Fitz- 

 William, to worlç on the St. Andrews and Quebec railway, and many of 

 these afterwards settled along the line of that road, esipecially at St. 

 Andrews, and in and neai- Canterbury.^ In general these workmen 

 formed no settlements by themselves, but settled singly, or in small 

 groups, in or near the older settlements, or in those newly-forming. 

 One such group, of Shetlanders, settled in Tilley at the present Lerwick, 

 while others settled in various of the new stations along the lines. 



c. Sporadic American immigration. During this period there has 

 been some scattered immigration from the United States, and, as 

 before, it has mostly been connected with lumbering. Thus, 

 Salmonhurst on Salmon Elver, Sheila at Tracadie, and others, have 

 been recently founded. A more distinctive form of American immi- 

 gration, however, consisted in the settlement in the province of a 

 number of American citizens who fled from the United States in 1863 

 or 1864, to escape the draft into the Union armies. Such men were 

 comanonly known as '" skedadcllers " and they settled at numerous points 

 in New Brunswick, at Skedaddle Ridge (or Golden Eidge, near 

 Knowlcsville), and Golden Eidge, near Monument Settlement, at Parent 

 Hidge, in York, at a locality called American Lodge on the Eestigouche, 

 and elsewhere. Many of these returned to the United States after 

 the close of the war, but others remained as permanent settlers. 



d. Native expansion. In the earlier part of this period the native 

 population continued to expand actively, forming many important set- 

 tlements. The rate of expansion and number of settlements have, of 

 course, fallen off in recent years, with the check in the growth of popu- 

 lation. As before, much of the native expansion has consisted in con- 

 solidation and extension of the boundaries of earlier settlements, and 

 later, a good deal has been taken up by the various towns and villages 

 which have grown up along the railway lines, and by the movement, 

 universally characteristic of the times, towards the cities. A number 

 of distinct settlements have been, however, formed. Those of Englisli- 

 speaking settlers were the following: — Peltoma, Brown's Ridge, Oak 

 Ridge, Ferriehank, Clarendon, Wooler Settlement, Harvey Mills, Gra- 

 ham's Corner, Monument Settlement, Pokawagamis, Hartin, and others 

 in that vicinity of Eel Eiver, Alma, Nortondale, Nacawic, Rowland 

 Ridge, Maple Ridge, Parent Ridge, South Newbridge, Wafcrville, 

 Temperance Vale, Cloverdale, New Carlisle, Johnville, Chapmanville, 

 Beaufort, Canaan (Carleton), Red Rapids, Sisson Ridge, Arlhuret, and 



^ In 18.53, 300 English, 6 Scotch, and 6 Irish workmen were brought out on 

 the " Imperial" by King, the contractor, to work on this railroad, and most of 

 them no doubt settled in the province. (Information from one of the workmen.) 



