Tganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEAV BRUNSWICK 103 



Ridge, Red Rapids, Tilley, New Denmark, Stonehaven, Kintore, Beau- 

 fort, Chapmanville, Cloverdale, Acadieville, Colehrookdale, Adamsville, 

 Rogerville with Collet Settlement and Pleasant Ridge, Sugary (Protec- 

 tionville), Pleasant Ridge, St. Joseph, Warwick, Hazelton, Eel River, 

 Lockstcad, Rohertville, Millville, Clearwater, Pacquetville, St. Isidore^ 

 Mitchell, Lome, Sunnyside, Balmoral and Colehrooke. Since 1880 a 

 few others have been added, — Whitehead, Baker Lake, Long Settlement, 

 Trout Brook, Martin, Michaud, Blue Mountain, Gallagher Ridge, Dunn- 

 ville, Barnesville, Johnsonville, Richard, Young, St. Rose, Springfield, 

 St. Charles, Elm Tree River, Daivsonvale, together with extensions of 

 several of the older settlements. To-day these are slowly filling with 

 settlers, almost entirely natives of New Brunswick, and largely x\cadians. 



/. The building of railways. The present period is marked oiï dis- 

 tinctly from the earlier by the beginning of railway construction. The 

 great highways of the Province had been completed in the preceding 

 period, and between 1840 and 1850 railways were greatly disicusjed in 

 the Province and elsewhere; but it was not until 1847 that the first sod 

 was turned for a railway in New Brunswick, and not until 1S51 that 

 railway construction was actually oomnienced. Thenceforward, how- 

 ever, railroad planning, surveying and construction have gone on well- 

 nigh continuously to the present, to such an extent that it is commonly 

 affirmed in the Province that New Brunswick has more miles of railroad, 

 in proportion to its population, than any other country of the world. 



The first railroad planned in the Province was one from St. 

 Andrews to Quebec, which, first discussed in 1835, was actually com- 

 menced in 1851, and with many vicissdtudes was pushed as far as Can- 

 terbur}^ in 1858, and to its temporary terminus at Eichmond in 1862, 

 while connection was made with St. Stephen in 1866, ■u'dth Woodstock 

 in 1868, and with Houlton somewhat later. The next road built in 

 the Province was that from St. John to Shediac, which, com^^menced in 

 1858, was finished in 1860. Later this was extended westward (the 

 Western Extension) to connect with the Maine system, reaching McAdam 

 end connecting with Fredericton in 1869, and with Vanceboro somewhat 

 later; and about the same time the Eastern Extension, from the Painsec 

 to the Nova Scotia boundary was commenced, and was completed in 

 1872. In the meantime, however, after prolonged discussion and many 

 delays, the Intercolonial was commenced (1867), and in 1872 oommuni- 

 c^tion was established between St. John and Halifax, and in 1876 with 

 the St. Lawrence. During this tiime also (1870) the Quebec and New 

 Brunswick Eailway, intended to run from Fredericton (Gibson) up the 

 Keswick, the St. John valley, and by Temiscouata to Kiver du Loup, 

 was projected; it was commenced in 1872, and in 1876 completed to 

 Edmimdston, the connection with Piiver du Loup being made much 



