168 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



St. Isidore, — G. Recent Acadian farming settlement, laid out in 1867 under 

 the Free Grants Act, and settled by expansion from the neighbouring 

 older districts. Est. as a parish in 1881. (C. L. R.; Adams, 15). 



St. Jacques, — M. Parish est. 1877. Settled first along the Madawaska, appa- 

 rently by Acadians, as an expansion from the Madawaska settlement, and 

 at Silver Stream about 1830 by Irish immigrants. The interior settle- 

 ments are all Acadian expansion from Madawaska, as noted under 

 their respective names. 



St. James, — C. Parish est. 1823. Settled first in 1803 by Scotch immigrants 

 at Scotch Ridge; the expansion of their descendants and other native 

 settlers, with various later immigrants, have formed the other settle- 

 ments, as noted under their respective names. 



St. Jean, — J. The early French name for the settlements and forts at the 

 mouth of the river St. John; also called by them Menagoueche. 



St. John, — J. Loyalist city, laid out in 1783 (as the "Town of Parr") on 

 the then unoccupied peninsula, and settled at once by several thousand 

 Loyalists; incorporated as a city May 18th, 1785, when it was extended 

 to include Carleton; and in 1889 the city of Portland was united with 

 it. Lying at the contact of marine navigation with the river navigation 

 of the great St. John, it has become the seaport for half New Brunswick, 

 and has grown steadily, despite many difficulties and reverses, from 

 Its foundation to the present, adding to its population from many 

 sources, notably from the later immigrants from Great Britain. The 

 completion of the C. P. R. short line to Montreal has made it the 

 present chief winter port of Canada. These advantages have made it 

 the largest city and commercial capital of the province. The shire town 

 of the county since 1786. 



(History mostly unwritten; a brief and general Centennial Prize 

 Essay on the History of the City and County of St. John, by D. R. Jack 

 (St. John. 1883), is its only history; sketch by L Allan Jack, in Canada, 

 an Encyclopœdia, V; much valuable material has appeared in the local 

 newspapers, especially some 14 articles by W. F. Bunting, in the Sun, 

 February-May, 1888; St. John Globe, December 14, 1901, history of 

 past 40 years). 



St. Joseph, Fort, — Name of the old fort at Nachouac. 



St. Joseph, — W. Acadian village, in which is established St. Joseph's College 

 (Roman Catholic, Acadian, founded 1868). It is on or near the reputed 

 site of the first Acadian settlement of Memramcook. 



St. Joseph, — N. Recent Acadian farming settlement, established 1878 under 

 the Free Grants Act, and being settled by expansion from the neigh- 

 bourhood. (C. L. R.; Adams, 19). 



St. Leonard, — M. Parish est. 1850. Settled first along the St. John by sundry 

 native settlers and immigrants, joined later by Acadians from the 

 Madawaska settlement above. The interior settlements are almost 

 entirely Acadian expansion from the St. .Tohn. 



St. Louisa, — G. Acadian farming settlement, established under the Labour 

 Act in 1861, and apparently gradually settled by expansion from the 

 neighbouring districts. (C. L. R.). 



