236 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



there if we were masters of the Iroquois and could g-o through their great 

 lake." 



" Called by the French He Royale. 



" Pigeon Bay on the northwest coast of Lake Superior. 



" Montreal River now. It is only thirty miles long. From there a trail 

 leads to the sources of the Chippewa. Montreal River springs at eight 

 hundred feet above Lake Superior and forms the limit between the States 

 of Wisconsin and Michigan, then falls into Chegowanegan Bay, 112 miles 

 from Fond-du-Lac. 



" Oak Point in the County of Ashland. 



'* Chagouamigon Bay. 



" So they did, as we shall see afterwards. It was on Oak Point, looking 

 on Chagouamigon Bay. 



'* Near the towns of Ashland and Washburn, in the State of Wisconsin. 



" To Namakagon Lake. Somewhere in the vicinity of Lake Courte 

 Oreille. 



*" From the time of the arrival of the French and until 1700, if not 

 later, the territory which the Sioux considered as their own property em- 

 braced not only the sources of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi, but 

 all the Wisconsin to Escanaba on the east, and Madison on the south. 



*^ Chouart and Radisson spent the winter of 1661-2 in the neighbourhood 

 of the Chippewa River and Lake Courte Oreille. In the early spring they 

 went to meet the Christinos, probably near the City of Duluth or some 

 other spot at Fond-du-Lac. 



" From the present City of Duluth to Lake Mille Lacs. 



" The whole country north of Lake Superior was the home of the 

 Christinos. ^ 



** Kathio, southwest of Lake Mille Lacs. Duluth, who saw the people 

 of this place in 1679, calls them Isanti, which means those who first obtained 

 iron implements or tools from the French. Hennepin was a prisoner there 

 in 1680. 



" This was at the end of the winter. During the summer the town 

 became nearly empty because the hunters went to the south. 



" Pierre Boucher adds in the report above quoted: — 



" They informed me also that beautiful blue stones, believed to be tur- 

 quoises, are also to be found there. Green stones like emeralds are found 

 there also. There are diamonds there also, but I do not know if they 

 are pure ones or not. They were not able to go to the place where these 

 stones are because the Indians were not willing to guide them to it without 

 being paid for doing so, seeing that it was pretty far off, and they being 

 poor, did not dare to risk the expense, not being sufficiently well informed 

 on the subject to be able to judge whether the stones were valuable or 

 not. Red stones of two shades of colour are found there also, some being 

 scarlet and others of the colour of the blood of an ox; the Indians make 

 calumets or pipes of them, for smoking tobacco, which they think a great 

 deal of." 



" Ashland. 



" On Oak Point. Their fort was on that site, as already stated. The 

 coureurs de bois adopted the rather pompous expression of " fort " when 



