[«aii,ey] volcanic rocks OF NEW BRUNSWICK 133 



almost every direction, helping to form the picturesque and varied 

 landscape for which the region is so famous. They have been somewliat 

 fully described and delineated by Dr. Ells in the reports of the Geologi- 

 cal Survey, wherein it has been also shown that many of them are of 

 Post-Silurian origin, cutting and altering fossiliferous Silurian beds 

 in the form of felsitie and doleritic dykes, and in some instances pene- 

 trating Devonian beds as well, but not those of Lower Carboniferous 

 age. Some, however, would seem to he interbedded with the Silurian 

 rocks and of contemporaneous origin. The writer has had no oppor- 

 tunity of giving them careful study, and is therefore not in a position 

 to compare them with similar rocks found elsewhere, and still less to 

 point out distinctions, if any, between those referable to the Silurian 

 and those which more properly belong to the Devonian or later ages. 

 He may, however, note, as a feature of contrast with the Pre-Carboni- 

 ferous volcanics described above, and as suggesting closer similarity with 

 the Lower Carbcrtiiferous and Triassic traps, the occurrence of quartzose 

 and zeolitic minerals, agates, amethysts, jaspers, thomsonite and heulan- 

 dite being frequently met with. 



Lower Carhoni ferons. 



The Lower Carboniferous is another formation remarkable for the 

 extent of its volcanic activities, the evidences of the latter being widely 

 spread and of great variety. They also occur at different horizons, 

 though most common and most marked at or near the close of the era. 

 Indeed the line of separation between the Lower Carboniferous and 

 Millstone Grit — often a line of distinct though not great unconformity 

 — is very generally marked by the occurrence of lava flows or volcanic 

 éjecta. This is the case near Fredericton and Harvey, York Co., on 

 the Miramichi above Boiestown; in the south Oromocto country; near 

 Long Island in Queen's county; and on Newcastle Creek and a])out 

 Grand Lake in the same county. Such rocks are also found on the Bay 

 of Fundy coast near Quaco Head. As these localities present some very 

 characteristic differences, they may be considered separately. 



Of the occurrences referred to one of the most typical is that of a 

 small eminence, five miles above Fredericton, known as Carrie's Moun- 

 tain. It is mainly interesting as showing so clearly the contrasts between 

 the central and peripheral portions of the volcanic outflows, and the rela- 

 tions of both to the associated sedimcntarics. Thus the central portion, 

 making the hill proper, is a very compact hard fine grained black basalt, 

 minutely but distinctly crystalline, with broad conchoidal fracture, 

 without vesicles, and in places showing a marked tendency to develop 

 columnar structures; and this material is alone visible from base to 



