[ganong] place-nomenclature OF NEW BRUNSWICK 193 



place. I suppose the different forms have différent shades of meaning, 

 but I have not been able to distinguish them. The locative ïnay be added 

 to single common nouns making them true proper place-names, as Mun- 

 aan, an island, but Mxn-aan-ook' the (particular) island (as Grand 

 Manan) ; and it may be added also to longer combinations as Mar/-ee- 

 caat-a-wik. When at the place, one may use the name without the locative, 

 as Nay-goot or Nay-goot-cook (Tobique). Another important termina- 

 tion is sis (Maliseet, in Micmac, chieh), which is the diminutive, express- 

 ing "little," as JSfashicaaksis, little Nashwaak. 



Of terminations with a distinct substantival meaning there are sev- 

 eral. Thus tuk or took signifies a river as in Wool-ahs-took. Well-a-mook- 

 took (Maliseet). Akadik (Micmuc. in Maliseet, a-quah-dik), means place 

 of occurrence or as a Maliseet once told me " where you get 'em ;" thus 

 Segubun-a-kad-ik, (in N. S.), place of ground-nuts : Fes-kut-um-a-quah-dik 

 (Passamaquoddy) place for pollock. In Maliseet, ali-gum signifies a lake, 

 as 2Iag-ee-caat-aiv-ah-giim, Magaguadavic Lake ; and ah-gvm-is means a 

 pond, as F oc-wah- gum-is, Mud Pond. Way-ik means point, us Nictau- 

 way-ik, Nictau Point. Men-eek is an island, as Kchee-men-eek, big island. 

 Ee-ok means a mouth or entrance as Pok-ee'-ok, narrow entrance. Quek 

 seems to mean a branch, as Mag-te-quek, big branch. 



All of these suffixes are inseparable ; there are of course independent 

 words for lake, river, point, etc., but these appear rarely if ever to be 

 used in combination, at least in aboriginal words. Hence names now 

 used by Indians in which quispein, lake, see-boo river, are combined with 

 an adjectival part, as in Kchee-quis-pem, Grand Lake, are f)robably not 

 aboriginal. 



True prefixes appear not to be used unless the slight m and p) sounds 

 so often occurring there are such. 



In the interior of words, sj^llables are often added to express the 

 idea of distance or removal from, and this could, I suppose, be called a 

 distantive ; thus Wool-ahs'-took is used when the speaker is beside or on 

 it, but Wool-ahs-ta-gook' when speaking of it at a distance, and similarly 

 Quimi-qiqia'-took and Quum-quaa'-ta-gook (Green Eiver), etc. Of a some- 

 what different sort is the extra syllable ah-wee signifying the possessive ; 

 Mik-um-ah-wee-wel-a-mook-took, Micmac his Oromocto (Cain's Eiver) 

 Caat-ah-wee-see-book, Eel his river (Eel Eiver), etc. 



Some of our Indian names, of course the shorter, consist of a single 

 topographical substantive with a locative, Mun-aan-ook (Grand Manan), 

 Wee-josk, the mountain (Curry's mountain), Squa-sq'-dek, a landing place. 

 Such are exactly equivalent to our " the Island," " the Mountain" used 

 as proper names, but they are not at all common. A full list of Maliseet 

 and Micmac topographical terms is a desideratum. Usuall}- Indian names 

 contain (1) an adjective part, (2) a substantive part, which may be one 

 of the terminations mentioned above, and (3) a locative. Of (1) 



