196 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



ities îU'e combined in one story. These stories are analogous to those so 

 numerous among them, which exphiin the physical peculiarities of 

 animals. Eand and Leland have studied their legends in general, but 

 have scarcely noticed their place-stories. I have no doubt that a great 

 deal of interesting matter in this line is still to be gained from them. 

 Other stories pretend to be historical, and perhaps to some extent are. 

 Thus Hardwood Creek is in M.Si\isGe1jK(un-quah'-dik = the "treaty-place," 

 said b\' them to be where their last fight with the Mohawks took place 

 and where a lasting peace was made with them, but it is more likely that 

 the origin is different and unknown to them and the story has grown up 

 to explain the name, which I suppose bears some resemblance (from this 

 point of vieAv accidental) to their Avord for a treaty. Of the same kind 

 may be the legend so often told of the destruction of the canoes full of 

 Mohawks, which were allowed by the Maliseet women guides to drift 

 over the Grand Falls. The falls are called Chik-un-ik-a-bik, the destroyer. 



2. The period of Exploration ; the Norseman to Champlain. (1000-1604). 



The place-names originating in this period are : 

 Fundy Probably Acadia 



Chaleur Eeaubassin 



St. John Miramichi 



St. Croix Possibly Tormentine 



The obsolete Baie Françoise 



St. Lunario 

 ^^y translation, Red Head 



The voyages of the Norsemen to America about 1000 A.D. left no 

 trace in place-names. It is a coincidence worth noting, however, that the 

 studies of Bishop Ilowley, still unpublished, upon their route as told in 

 the Sagas, led him to locate their " Vinland " in Miramichi Bay ; and it 

 was only after this that he noticed the occurrence there of the name Vin, 

 the origin of which is altogether obscure. 



The many voyages of explorers on the Atlantic Coast from Cabot to 

 the middle of the Ib'th century left many names on Newfoundland and 

 some on Nova Scotia, but onl}^ Fundy and Acadia in which New Bruns- 

 wick has a share. 



In 1534 the North Shore was explored by Cartier. He gave St. 

 Lunario to the head of Northumberland Strait, (^ap d'Espérance to Point 

 Miscou. and Baij Chaleur He probably used also Miramichi. in an old 

 form for it seems to occur on maps which record his voyages, and is 

 probably European in origin. It is possible that liis dap des Hau.va(jes 

 given to North Cape, P.E.I., survives in Cape Tormentine. 



In 1604 De Monts and Champlain explored the Bay of Fundy, naming 

 it Baie Frant-oise, and giving also St. Louis (Quaco). C Rouge (Red 



