202 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



After the capture of Quebec in 1759. the prospect of peace with the 

 French and security from the Indians, led many Now Englanders to look 

 towards Nova Scotia, partly for trade, and partly for settlement on the 

 rich lands left vacant b}' the expulsion of the French. Many traders and 

 tishermen came to Passamaquoddy between 1760 and 1764, and with 

 them doubtless originated the minor names of this period about Grand 

 Manan and Passamaquoddy. such as Casco Bay Island, Indian Island, 

 Beaver Harbor, Head Harbour, White Horse ; on the St. John, traders 

 settled at the mouth of the river, who named Portland, and other settlers 

 scattered themselves along it up to Maugerville, and with them originated 

 the minor names Mausers. Thatch and Ox Islands, Brandi/ Point, etc., 

 and perhaps some of those which seem to be translations from the French. 

 (See p. 198). About this time also, i.e. from 1760 to 1770, hirge grants 

 of land were made by the (rovernment, often in whole townships, partly 

 to retired officers of the royal service and pai'tly to associations of settlers, 

 and these were usually named for a leading graiitee, or some one then 

 prominent in England. Thus originated the townships and manors, some 

 of which have survived as counties or parishes, as Sunbnry, Maugerville, 

 Burton, Gagetown on the St. John ; Hopewell, Hillsborough, Sackville, 

 Moncton at the head of the Bay of Fundy. Kembles Manor, Mascareen 

 Campobello and Hammond River, also originated in these grants. Extinct 

 townships and grants with distinct names on the St. John were Newton, 

 Almeston (or Aniesbury'), Francfort (or MacNutts), SjjryJtampton, Mor- 

 risania, Heatonville, Mount Pawlett, Conway, all of which may be found 

 located in the Dictionar}'. One of the associations placed at Shepody 

 a number of (lerraans from Pennsylvania, originating the name Cierman- 

 town Lake. 



In addition to the Xew Englanders, there were also settlers direct 

 from England and Scotland. Captain Owen led English settlers to 

 Campobello, oi-iginating that name and others about the island ; on the 

 St. John a few were placed by the pj-oprietors of townships ; on the 

 Noi-th Shore Colonel Walker from 1770-77 had a trading establishment at 

 Bathurst and a branch at Eestigouche, whence Walkers Brook, and 

 perhaps some names near Bathurst. 



At ^liramichi, a colony of Scotchmen settled and probably they gave 

 the names to Beaubears, Middle and Sheldrake Islands, Bartibog, Barnabys 

 and other livers. named for Indians who lived on them. The latter series 

 of names is of great interest. That they did thus originate,, tradition, 

 both of Indians and whites, and the statements by Cooney all agree, 

 though some of them may not have come into use until later. In 1772 

 a colony of Yorkshire men came to Cumberland Co., though no place- 

 names of theirs are known. 



During this period careful surveys of the coasts of Nova Scotia were 

 made by Wright (1772), and DesBarres (published 177(3-1786), for the 



