212 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



from two languages, mean the same thing, and it is remarkable to find 

 them both in the same country. Fanciful names occur in the Inglewood 

 series. Eemarkable examples of changes due to the principle of famili- 

 arization are found in Swaji Creek, 3IaJiO(/any, JSumfrau, Paticake, and 

 probably Cains, and curious cases of familiarization into another tongue 

 in Téfe-à-Gauche, Docket, and the popular explanations of Petitcodiac 

 and Shepody. The shortening of names is illustrated by Quaco, once 

 CTOol-wa-ga-</ek, by Buctouche from Chebuctouche, and b}^ Fredericfon 

 (sometimes further shortened to Frcdirfon) once Frederirktown, and by 

 the dropping of the Neio from Canaan and Galloway. Local peculiari- 

 ties of pronunciation are found in Jemseij, Madaic((slca. Pafapcdia, Gape 

 Demoiselle, Petit Rocher, Petitcodiac. Names whose form implies an 

 origin not correct are Bonny River, Garleton (West End), and Coronary. 

 Magaguadavic is a remarkable case of a word able to retain a cumber- 

 some spelling with a simple pronunciation. Names which hide a yet 

 unknown storj'- are Rivière-du-Cache and perhaps Bay du Vin. Incidents 

 of early days appear in Burnt Church, The Mistake, Deadmans Head. 

 And there are many names of still unknown origin to reward study, 

 of which a list will be given below. Remarkable examples of the arising 

 of stories to explain names are found in manj^ of those of the Indians, and 

 also in Tormentine, Midgic, Point de Bute. 



The geographical distribution of the names of this period in relation 

 to the earlier ones is of great interest. The Indian names apply natur- 

 all}' to watercourses and other natural features throughout the province, 

 the exploration names to waterways navigable for ships, those of the 

 French period to watercourses and localities along them. The New Eng- 

 landers were the first to name artificial divisions which they did in their 

 townships and with imported names. These townships were only on the 

 St. John and at the head of the Bay of Fundy, with easy communica- 

 tion with New England, nev^er on the north shore. After the loyalists 

 came the entire province was divided into artificial divisions, but only 

 the most accessible places, especially the lower courses of the rivers, 

 and particularly those accessible from the Bay of Fundy, were actually 

 occupied and here it is that their names are most abundant. The u])per 

 courses of the rivers, the higher lands back from their valleys and most 

 of the north shore were left for later settlement. To these the French, 

 who received scant courtesy at this time, had to retire, and thus came 

 the great series of names of saints on the north shore, particularly in 

 Kent county, and at Madawaska. The remainder of the north shore and 

 especially its more remote i)arts, was thus left free for other settlement, 

 and was actually settled later largely by immigrants iVom Euroi)e to whom 

 it is even more easily accessible than are the rivers emptying into the 

 BayofFund3\ Later set tlei-s have taken also the upper courses of the 

 I'ivers aiid the lands back iVoiii them, and here their names are to be 



