[ganong] PLACE-NOMENCLATURE OF NEW BRUNSWICK 269 



many people. As Menagouache in 1752 (Archives, 1887, p. cxciii.), and fre- 

 quently in French documents with various spellings; corrupted by the 

 English to Monneguash, etc. Here was located in Lescarbot's time the 

 town of Ouigoudi, which he describes as a great inclosure upon a hill (see 

 St. John River). 



Sometimes, and most properly, surnamed "The Loyalist City." 



Saint John, Fort.— Applied to different for(s at the mouth of the river ; common 

 on the French maps as Fort St. Jean. 



Saint John, River.— Named by De IMonts and Champlain when they discovered 

 it, on the day of Saint John the Baptist, June 24th, 1604 ; " a river the largest 

 and deepest we had yet seen, which we named the river St. John, because it 

 was on that day we reached it." 



In both Micmac and Maliseet it is Wool-ahs' -took (which see). It is 

 often said that its Indian name was Ouygoudy, etc. Champlain himself 

 states that by the Indians it was called Ouigoudi, which is" repeated by 

 Lescarbot, but they were probably in error; for (1) neither Micmacs nor 

 Maliseets know the name, nor anything like it, for the river ; so persistent 

 are Indian names that one of such importance can hadly be believed to have 

 died out entirely ; (2), the name does not appear again in any original docu- 

 ment. It is on the maps of Coronelli, 1689, and Jeffreys, 1755, but in the 

 former has the exact form of Champlain, and is doubtless from him directly, 

 while in the latter every old recorded name, even those of Alexander, is re- 

 tained, but it is entirely a compilation, with nothing new; (3), Lescarbot 

 says but once or twice that Ouigoudi is the name for the river, but several 

 times he gives it as the name of the Indian village on the site of St, John. 

 Thus, in his most detailed reference to it (see Jesuit Relations, new éd., i., 

 p. 79), he says the chief Chkoudun " had, in imitation of us, a great Cross 

 erected in the public place of his village, called Oigoudi, at the port of the 

 river St. John." Now, there is no case known to me in which the Indians have 

 applied the same name to a river and a settlement ; in fact the very nature 

 and mode of giving of Indian names is opposed to such a thing. On the 

 other hand, as the late Edward Jack repeatedly pointed out, the word 

 Wee-goo^-dy means in Maliseet a camping ground, or a site where camps or 

 houses are placed ; thus they apply it to the site of their village opposite 

 Fredericton, and to other places along the rive r where they encamp. Hence 

 the name properly applied to the village at St. John, and it seems probable 

 that Champlain mistook a name of the village for that of the river, a 

 sufficiently easy and natural error when he diil not know their language. I 

 believe this to be the correct explanation. Haliburton uses the word in his 

 history, but misprinted Ouangondy, in which form it is familiar to the people 

 of St. John. 



Alexander, in 1624, named it the Clyde, repeated on Jeffreys, 1755 ; 

 has been said to have been called R. des Ecossais for some Scotch who early 

 settled there, but a mistake (Quebec docs., ii., 5(i7); also supposed to be the 

 Gugida or Garinda of the Ingraham narrative, but improbable (DeCosta in 

 Magazine Am. History, IX., 168, 200. 



Saint Joseph, Fort.—^he French Fort at Nashwaak, built in 1692; thus on a 

 plan in the French Archives. Called also Fort Nashwaak. 



Saint Leonard.— P., 1850. Said to have been suggested by a prominent settler 

 named Leonard R. Coombes, a magistrate. 



