[G. M. DAWSON] SECULAR CLDIATIC CHANGES 161 



similar fringe of dead wood. At tlie date mentioned the water stood 

 lower than the roots of the trees which had been killed. 



The above are only a few selected instances, in which the circum- 

 stances seem to be quite unexceptionable, and such as to render the char- 

 acter of the evidence met with clear. All the lakes and pools above men- 

 tioned have no outt^ow, and must be distinguished from numerous cases 

 of hikes in which the natural outlet has been interfered with by beaver- 

 dams, accumulations of drift-wood, or otherwise. 



Stump Lake, situated about thirty miles south of Kamloops, geems 

 capable of aliording some further evidence on the general question of 

 climatic changes. This lake and its features are somewhat fully re- 

 ferred to in my report of work done in 187",' and the main facts need 

 therefore here alone be noted. The lake is about live miles in length, 

 with a breadth of from half a mile to a mile, and is therefore larger than any 

 of the lakes or ponds above referred to. It occupies the bottom of one of 

 the characteristic wide valleys by which this part of the Interior Plateau 

 is traversed, with a height of about 2,450 feet above sea-level, and dis- 

 charges at the present time by a small stream which reaches the north 

 end of Nicola Lake. Its supply of water is derived in part from the 

 immediately bordering slopes of the valley, but chiefly from two small 

 brooks, which enter its northern end from the plateau to the eastward. 

 The name of the lake, which ap])ears on mapsat least as long ago as 1859," 



1 Report of Progress, Geol. Sur v. Can., 1877-78, p. 29 B. 



2 Little information can unfortunately be gathered from the older maps of the 

 region. An examination of some of these has afforded the following results : 



1840. Map accompanying " Northwest Coast of North America," R. Grenhow. 

 Nothing definitely recognizable as Stump Lake. 1841. Map in U.S. Kxploring 

 Expedition volumes. Shows a lake which may be intended for Stump Lake, dis- 

 charging to Nicola Lake. 1844. Not shown on Duflot du Morfras' map. 1846. Ap- 

 parently indicated on map accompanying " L'Oregon " by M. Fedix; streams 

 connect what may be Stump Lake both with the Thompson to the north and Nicola 

 Lake to the south, liut the indications are very uncertain. 1850. Not recognizable on 

 Arrowsmitb's map of this date, but in this, as in the foregoing maps, the scale is too 

 small and the geographical data for the region in question too inaccurate, to enable 

 any definite conclusions to be drawn. 1859. Commander R. C. Mayne, R.N., in an 

 account of a journey made by him in this 3ear describes "Stump Lake or Lake 

 Hamea as it is called by the Indians" (Journ. Royal Geog. Soc, vol. xxxi., p. 215) 

 giving the dimensions as 6 miles long by 1 to li wide; a fairly correct approximation 

 to its present size. 1861. Shown under its present name, and with outfiow to Nicola 

 Lake, on map facing page 213 Journ. Royal Geog. Soc, vol. xxxiii. 1862. Mayne on 

 map accompanying his " Four Years in British Columbia," shows the lake as in the 

 last-quoted map. Apparently shown, but not named, on map in "Vancouver Island 

 and British Columbia" by A. Rattray ; outflow to Nicola Lake. Shown under name 

 of Chicot Lake, with outtiow to Nicola Lake, on map by Arrowsmith accompanying 

 " British Columbia and Vancouver Island " by D. G. F. Macdonald. 1864. Shown, 

 without name, but with outflow to Nicola Lake, on map accompanying paper by 

 Lieut. H. S. Palmei;. Journ. Royal Geog. Soc, vol. xxxiv. 1865. Shown under name 

 Stump Lake, but without outlet, on map in " Vancouver Island and British 

 Columbia " by M. Macfie. 1868. Shown, as in last case, on map accompanying paper 

 by A. Waddington. Journ. Royal Geog. Soc, vol. Nxxviii. 



