42 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
In the beautiful valleys of Kings and Annapolis—now famous for their 
fruit—there was a prosperous farming population. Yarmouth illus- 
trated the thrift and enterprise of the Puritan element that came with 
the province from New England at an early date in its development, 
and laid the foundation of its prosperity. The eastern counties with 
the exception of Pictou showed-no signs of progress. The Scotch popu- 
lation of Cape Breton, drawn from a poor class of people in the north 
of Scotland, for years added nothing to the wealth of an island whose 
resources were long dormant from the absence of capital and enterprise. 
Even the wealthy capitalists of Halifax, we are told by Lord Durham, 
“desirous of an investment for their money preferred lending it to the 
United States, to applying it to speculation in New Brunswick, or to 
lending it to their own countrymen.” 
The Church of Rome was a dominant force in Lower Canada as in 
the days of the French regime—a force always strongly exerted in 
favour of British connection since the passage of the Quebec Act. In 
1837, Bishop Signay presided over the See of Quebec, and became the 
first archbishop in 1844. Bishop Lartigue continued to be the Bishop of 
Montreal until 1840. In all Lower Canada there were in 1837 about 
200 curés and priests, and 300 monks and nuns connected with the 
several religious institutions. In Upper Canada, Bishop Alexander Mc- 
Donell, noted for his loyalty and public spirit, presided over the Roman 
Catholic diocese of Regiopolis (Kingston), which then embraced all of 
Upper Canada, and comprised about 25 priests. The first Bishop of the 
Church of England in the colonies was the Right Reverend Charles 
Inglis, the loyalist, who was consecrated in 1787 at Lambeth as Bishop 
of Nova Scotia, though his diocese nominally extended all over British 
North America until 1793, when the Right Reverend Jacob Mountain 
became the first Bishop of Quebec—in fact of all Canada. The first 
regular rector of St. Paul’s Church in Halifax—the oldest Protestant 
church in British America—was the Reverend Dr. Breynton, though 
Mr. Tutty officiated when it was first opened in 1750. The Right 
Reverend John Inglis was Bishop of Nova Scotia in 1737, and the Right 
Reverend George Jehosaphat Mountain succeeded Bishop Stewart in 
August of the same year. The first clergyman of the Church of Eng- 
land in Upper Canada was Reverend Dr. Stuart, a loyalist, who com- 
menced his missionary labours in 1786. The first Anglican church 
was built in 1786 for the Mohawk Indians at the Grand River. The 
first Anglican Bishop of Upper Canada was Dr. Strachan, who was con- 
secrated in 1839, when there were only 71 clergymen of his church in 
the province. The first Presbyterian minister of Montreal, and virtually 
