206 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
physically with the Indo-European family, is that called Ainu, which is 
found in Yesso and Saghalien. Itsspeech, however, is Turanian. Within 
the same limits there is no evidence of any Semitic migration other than 
that of the Arab in the Malay Archipelago, and of individual Israelites. 
Traces of a Celtic people were once found at Darien, in Central America, 
but these were the unfortunate Gaelic colonists of William Paterson, at 
the close of the seventeenth century, from whose lips Spanish priests were 
curious enough to compile a vocabulary, which Bancroft has published. 
There is little doubt that the Olmees of early Mexican history were Celtic, 
but no trace of an Olmec nation on American soil remains, so that the 
Mexican tradition may relate to some ancient seat in the Old World. 
Nevertheless, in so far as the language and arts of the Aymaras of 
Peru differ from those of the Quichuas and allied tribes, they are Celtic, 
but not to such an extent as to influence grammatical forms.” From the 
foregoing words it will be evident that the theory of a universal aborigi- 
nal peopling of this continent from the west, based on a very large but 
not complete induction, did not blind me to the traces of Celtic influences 
in Peru. At one time stray Aino lexical analogies, such as kur, guru, 
man, compared with the Welsh gwr, their presence on the river Amur, 
and their Peruvian practice of embalming their dead, led me to look in 
them for the intermediate link between the Celt and the Aymara; but 
further attempts on a larger scale to associate the three peoples proved 
the utter futility of the task. 
It may naturally be asked how I succeeded in maintaining the delu- 
sion that the Peruvians came to America from the west. It was the Inca 
title that misled me, the designation of the royal race of Peru. I knew 
of no European or African Incas. The title is old, dating from before 
the time of the conquest of Canaan, for Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, whom 
Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, slew (Joshua xv., 14 ; Judges i., 10), were 
the sons of Anak, the son of Arba, and the original Anakim, from whose 
name the Greeks took their term anax,a prince. These Anakim were 
Zerethites, men of Zarthan, or in Greek parlance, Dardanians. Among 
their distant descendants are the people of the Loo Choo islands, whose 
ruling family is that of the Anzis What more natural than to imagine 
that the same revolution which drove the Anzis of Japan to the Loo 
Choo islands, also sent the Incas to the American coast, seeing that so 
many investigators from Humboldt onwards have favourably compared 
the civilizations of Japan and Peru? ‘The identity of many Japanese and 
Peruvian verbal roots helped to fortify the opinion. The Zerethite royal 
names in eastern progress are found in the list of the Sah kings of Sau- 
rashtra or Cutch in India, as set forth in Ferguson’s Essay on Indian 
Chronology, and with many of these the designations of some of the Loo 
Choo Anzis and Peruvian Incas agree. Horatio Hale’s derivation of the 
Iroquois from the Basques of the Pyrenees was based on evidence far 
