[CAMPBELL] MEXICAN COLONIES TRACED BY LANGUAGE 207 
more slender than this ; yet both he and I were wrong. We should both 
have paid more respect to differences and difficulties, while insisting that 
we had each proved community of origin. 
Huallpa or Atahuallpa is an element in the names of at least three 
Peruvian Incas. It is significant in Aymara, and means a fowl. The 
nearest the Basque comes to it is oillo, a fowl, and the Japanese tor: does 
not approach it. But the reader of Black’s novels will remember the 
whaup as a nickname of a Scottish lad. The whaup is the curlew, the 
Welsh gylfinog ; but a similar term, golfan, is applied to sparrows and 
other birds, as is the Gaelic gealbhan, and these are the originals of hualpa, 
a bird or fowl. The Aymara word for butterfly is pilpinto, and the Japa- 
nese is cho. There are many Basque synonyms denoting this insect, the 
closest to the Aymara being pimpirina, doubtless the French papillon ; 
but the Welsh balafen is just the Aymara pilpinto, without the increment 
to. That balafen never travelled hundreds of years across the Asiatic 
continent to become pilpinto, nor the Gaelic caora, sheep, wan, lamb, and 
boc, goat, to become the Aymara ccaura, una and paca. Two common 
Welsh words are areithio, to speak, and cydymaith, a friend ; these, in 
Aymara, are arusi and cachomasi. An end, to enter, a faggot, and fear, 
are, in Welsh, gorphen, myned, ffasg, and echryn; in Aymara they are 
ccorpa, mantana, picho, and ajsarana. Over a hundred and eighty 
Peruvian words are appended in a comparative vocabulary, Peruvian 
and Celtic, with their Welsh and cognate equivalents. The Peruvian 
dialects are Aymara, Atacama, Cayubaba, Itenes, Quichua, Quitena, 
Sapibocono and Yuracares, represented by A., At., C., 1, Q., Qt.,S. and Y. ; 
while the Celtic words unqualified are Welsh, and A., E., G. stand for 
Armorican, Erse and Gaelic. Following this will be found a comparative 
vocabulary, Peruvian and Basque, of over a hundred and sixty words, 
indicating the importance of the Iberic element in the Peruvian dialects, 
and notably in the Quichua. The Basque comparisons are rarely as 
startling in their resemblance to the Peruvian as are the Celtic, and 
especially the Welsh, thus indicating apparently that the Iberic element 
in Peruvian, and the Basque, separated from their parent stock at a more 
remote period than did the Celtic element in Peru and the Welsh from 
theirs. So far as the vocabulary goes, the Peruvian dialects are more 
manifestly Celtic than Turanian. 
From what point did these diverse elements leave the shores of the 
Old World to come to those of the New? Celt and Iberian dwelt side by 
side in ancient Chaldea and Babylonia as Sumer and Accad, in Persia as 
Zimrite and Elamite, in Asia Minor as Galatian and Phrygian, Cimmerian 
and Dardanian. They were together among the so-called Scythians to 
the north of the Euxine ; in the provinces west and south of the Danube, 
as far west as Vindelicia and Rhaetia, and as far south as Ilyricum; and 
in Gallia Cisalpina and Liguria. The Iberic Etruscan lay cheek by jowl 
