208 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
with the Celtic Umbrian in Italy ; Celt-Iberia in Spain sufficiently de- 
clares their union; and in the British Islands, Cymric Cornishmen and 
Welshmen, with Gaelic Manxmen, Scots and Irish Gaels, were conter- 
minous with Iberic Damnonii and Silures, Ottadini, Picts and Tuatha de 
Danans. There is evidence that Irish vessels sailed far into the northern 
seas, even reaching Greenland, and there are Icelandic accounts of a Great 
Ireland on the American main, to say nothing of Prince Madoc’s voyage 
westward from Wales in 1170. But none of these, even were their stories 
worthy of confidence, can account for the hybrid Celt-Iberian population 
of Peru. The point of departure of their old-world ancestors must have 
been a Cymric rather than a Gaelic area, and that far more southerly 
than Wales, Cornwall and Brittany, so as to have been in the line of 
comparatively easygoing navigation to Central America, It must also 
have been an area in which the Celt and the Iberian so amalgamated as 
to interchange in part their distinctive syntax and vocabulary. 
The Berber languages of Northern Africa, as I shall yet demonstrate, 
are Celtic at base, although they contain Arabic words, more or less 
changed by their peculiar genius, as when the Arabic midina, a town: 
becomes the Berber thamdint. Among these Berbers are tribes called 
Zimuhr and Aimor, names that link the Cymri and the Aymaras. But 
more important is the fact that the Peruvian pronouns, which are neither 
Celtic (that is Cymric proper and Gaelic) nor Basque, are Berber. 
English. Berber. ‘Peruvian. 
Ii nekki noka 
Thou kemmi kam, chema 
He, this wayyi pay 
We nekni nokanchic 
Ye kunwi, kunwith chime, kamchic 
They, these wayyini paycuna 
Here is evidence of no common order that Peru was colonized by 
the Berber stock in conjunction with an Iberic people, of which there is 
no present trace in Africa. Until last year I knew of certain facts that 
seemed to link the Canary Islanders with the Peruvians, but was unaware 
of any traces on their islands of an Iberic population. The Guanches 
known in historical time were Berbers or Celts. It is true, as Pegot 
Ogier and others have shown, that the Guanche ‘‘oven was a hole in the 
ground like that of the Incas,” that, like the Aymaras, they plaited their 
hair into pig-tails, and that they mummified their dead after the Peru- 
vian fashion. When Columbus landed on the islands whence he took 
sailors and animals, he found there a living tradition of a new world in 
the west. He sailed by the island of Gomera, which retains the Cymric 
name, and has a port Amirri, linking the Zimurh and Aimor of Barbary 
with the Aymaras of Peru. The only indication that the Zerethite race 
