[CAMPBELL ] MEXICAN COLONIES TRACED BY LANGUAGE 245 
in the middle of the foramen magnum. The angle of Camper is 68 
degrees.” In reference to this cranial description, the authors say : 
“The second race inhabited the vast Peru-Bolivian elevations which 
raise themselves twelve thousand feet above the level of the sea. 
M. D’Orbigny distinguishes them by the name of the Aymaras. In this 
race commenced the dynasty of the Incas, which, in the space of a few 
centuries, subjected to its dominion the other tribes. The crania of 
these people present differences equally remarkable, according to their 
respective localities, and particularly in the contour of the arch of the 
cranium. It is proper here to remark that there is a very striking con- 
formity between the configuration of this race and that of the Guanches, 
or inhabitants of the Canaries, who used also the same mode of preserv- 
ing the bodies of their dead.” 
I doubt very much the statement that the Incas were of Aymara 
blood, inasmuch as their title is purely Turanian. The name of the 
young pretender whom Mama-Ciboca presented to the Peruvians, Inca 
or Sinchi-Rocca, is Basque, namely Jinko Arauka or the true high iord. 
In Hebrew, Anak is written with an initial ayin, which ought to be 
transliterated by g, so that Ganak is the true representation of it. The 
expression, “the true high lord,” could be rendered into archaic 
Japanese as Shinage Roku. The initial a of Arauka does not belong 
to older forms of the Iberic language and the same is true of many pros- 
thetic vowels in Basque. Inca is really a name of divinity, the jingo 
war-god of the Englishman, taken by his soldiers and sailors from 
Jangoiko, Jaungoiko, Jainko, Jinko, and Yinko, the varying titles of 
God in the Pyrenees. The Incas, like the Pharaohs and the apotheo- 
sized Roman emperors, claimed to be gods and vicegerents of the sun. 
Celtic arrogance never went so far. Atahuallpa, the last of the Incas, 
bore a Celtic name, and so perhaps may some of his predecessors have 
done, but the royal line in the main was Toltec, not Cymric or Aymara. 
Mr. David Forbes in his memoir on the Aymaras, published in the tran- 
sactions of the Ethnological Society of London, refutes Messrs. Rivero 
and Tschudi. He says that the Aymaras claim a greater ancient state 
of civilization than that of the Quichua Incas who conquered them, and 
that their capital was the now ruined Tiahuanaca on the south of Lake 
Titicaca. 
The megalithic structures of the Peruvians and probably all their 
erections of stone were the work of the Aymara masons. Many travel- 
lers have been struck with astonishment at the sight of a veritable Stone- 
henge in the land of the Incas. It is at Tiahuanaco, and consists of a 
large number of stones, each about six or seven yards high, some rough 
Sec. II., 1900. 16. 
