246 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
and others hewn, disposed in lines at regular distances. According to 
tradition it “was erected in one single night by an invisible hand.” 
The Aymaras were familiar with such structures, as they are found in 
the Berber region of northern Africa, and even the Canary Islands are 
not destitute of them. There seems little reason to doubt that erections 
of this kind were peculiar to the Celt and to Druidism. Further re- 
searches may yet shed some light in this connection upon the peculiari- 
ties of Peruvian worship. Some remarks of Rivero and Tschudi on 
Peruvian pottery are of interest as indicating at least two national 
types. ‘All the moulded works of the ancient Peruvians have a 
peculiar character which distinguishes them from those of the other. 
American nations; a character which, by those versed in antiquities, will 
be recognized at first sight. Some of them bear a certain resemblance 
to the forms presented by the old continent; especially the most simple: 
such as a seated figure which has an Egyptian type; a vase which may 
pass for Etruscan; and a blackish vessel that has been found seems to 
be identical with those of the Celtic-Germans; so perfect, indeed, is 
the resemblance that, if mixed with the known remains of these 
countries, the archeologist would find no difference between them.” 
By Celtic-Germans I suppose the authors mean the Swabians and the 
Bavarians. The Etruscan type will represent Quichua or Toltec art, 
and the Celtic-German that of the Aymaras. Accad and Sumer were 
distinct even in Peru. 
A further indication, in addition to those already given, that the 
Turanian was supreme in Peru in literature as well as in government 
is found in the fact that their sages, who constituted colleges of instruc- 
tion, were called, not ollamhs, but amautas. The latter is a variant of 
the Mexican amoxoaqui, the root of which is amox or amoatli, a book. 
This is the Japanese shomotsu and the Loo-Chooan shimutsi; but, away 
back in old Babylonian days, the Accadians called a library samak and 
sumuk. The Erse soma, denoting “learning,” may be a loan word from 
the Iberic. The Basques have lost their native words for learning or 
letters and writing; but Etruscan inscriptions, preserved by Lanzi and 
Fabretti, translate the Latin Volumnius, or man of the book, by Egin- 
zaumika, the book-maker. In modern Basque the only trace of zaumika 
is esamesak, an opinion or a saying, from the root ezaun, to know, 
rather than from esan, to say. ‘The original of the Peruvian Amauta is, 
no doubt, the Kenite word called Hamath or Chamath by the Hebrews, 
as a man of this name was the ancestor of the Kenite scribes (I. Chron- 
icles, 11, 55). The Japanese ken demotes a wise man, such as the ancient 
Kenites were pre-eminently among their unlettered Hittite brethren. 
