[CAMPBELL ] MEXICAN COLONIES TRACED BY LANGUAGE 249 
voyage. Referring to the Icelandic story of Gudleif Gudlangson’s dis- 
covery of Great Ireland in America, Rivero and Tschudi say: “ This 
genuine story, written a little after the events, is in our view an im- 
portant proof in favor of the opinion that Irish colonies were established 
in Huitramannaland, the present Carolinas, and probably also in 
Florida; and that the immigration of these colonies took place long 
before the first navigation of the Scandinavians to the New World, as 
we are enabled to fix it with certainty in the ninth century of our era.” 
The writers give no proof of this bold assertion, and their translator, 
Dr. Hawks, seems to deny that any exist. But Irishmen, though Celts, 
are not Welshmen. 
The oldest account of Welsh Indians known to me is that of the 
Rev. Morgan Jones in 1660, which I quote briefly from Baldwin’s Pre- 
historic Nations. “In 1660, Rev. Morgan Jones, a Welsh clergyman, 
seeks to go by land from South Carolina to Roanoke, was captured 
by the Tuscarora Indians. He declares that his life was spared because 
he spoke Welsh, which some of the Indians understood; that he was able 
to converse with them in Welsh, though with some difficulty; and that 
he remained with them four months, sometimes preaching to them in 
Welsh. John Williams, LL.D., who reproduced the statement of Mr. 
Jones in his work on the story of Prince Madog’s emigration, published 
in 1791, explained it by assuming that Prince Madog settled in North 
Carolina, and that the Welsh colony, after being weakened, was incor- 
porated with these Indians. If we may believe the story of Mr. Jones 
(and I cannot find that his veracity was questioned at the time), it will 
seem necessary to accept this explanation. It will be recollected that, 
in the early colony times, the Tuscaroras were sometimes called “White 
Indians.” There are no traces of Welsh in any vocabularies of the 
Tuscarora examined by me, which are pure Iroquois. The Iroquois 
custom of adopting subordinate tribes into their confederacy may have 
been exercised in respect to some Olmec remnant in the north-east, as 
Mr. Jones only claimed to have been understood by some of the Indians. 
The following accounts are taken chiefly from Drake’s book of the 
Indians of North America. The first is that of Major Rogers, who 
published “ A Concise Account of North America,” in 1765. Speaking 
of an indefinite region west of the Mississippi, he says: “This fruitful 
country is at present inhabited by a nation of Indians called by the 
others the White Indians, on account of their complexion; they being 
much the fairest Indians on the continent. They have, however, In- 
dian eyes, and a certain guilty cast with them. This nation is very 
numerous, being able to raise between 20,000 and 30,000 fighting men. 
