CAMPBELL | MEXICAN COLONIES TRACED BY LANGUAGE 255 
early explorers, to the effect that they do not materially differ from sur- 
rounding peoples, but he adds: “ By more sanguine writers, however, 
they have had attributed to them white skins, long beards, towns con- 
taining from 2,000 to 3,000 inhabitants, public squares, parallel streets, 
and stone houses.” Lieutenant Emory again says of their neighbours, 
the Zunis: “ Many of them are Albinos, the probable origin of the report 
of a race of white Indians in this quarter.” There is no evidence that 
the Moquis and Zunis were or are white Welsh speaking Indians, 
Like the other Pueblo dwellers, and the Sonora and Shoshonese 
families, they are in speech allied to the Nicaraguans, and thus to the 
Nahuatlacs or Aztecs of Mexico. But, evidently, white men were 
looked for somewhere in their direction, towards the border line of the 
United States and Mexico in the far west. The most civilized Indians 
of that region are the Pimos, who cultivate corn, wheat and cotton, fence 
and irrigate their fields, have wicker-work houses and barns, keep horses, 
cattle and poultry, wear cotton clothes which they manufacture them- 
selves, and in many other ways are far beyond their neighbours. These 
Pimos or Pimas, however, belong to the Sonora family. But Dr. 
Latham says: “Except that the Coco-Maricopas are the taller, that 
their noses are more aquiline, that their intelligence is, perhaps, superior, 
and that their language is different, they agree in all respects with the 
Pimos. Both the Pimos and the Coco-Maricopas are on the south bank 
of the river Gila, bounded on the south by Apaches. The former are 
considered as aboriginal to their present locality. Not so, however, the 
Coco-Maricopas, whose immigrations are said to be recent, and whose 
language is akin to the Californian of San Diego.” They belong to the 
Yuman family, and Major J. W. Powell, the director of the Bureau of 
Ethnology at Washington, says: “The centre of distribution of the 
tribes of this family is generally considered to be the lower Colorado 
and Gila Valleys. At least, this is the region where they attained their 
highest physical and mental development. With the exception of cer- 
tain small areas possessed by Shoshonean tribes, Indians of Yuman 
stock occupied the Colorado river from its mouth as far up as Cataract 
creek where dwelt the Havasupai. Upon the Gila and its tributaries 
they extended as far east as the Tonto Basin. From this centre they 
extended west to the Pacific and on the south throughout the peninsula 
of Lower California. The mission of San Luis Rey in California was, 
when established, in Yuman territory, and marks the northern limit of 
the family.” In the Yuman dialects I find Peruvian, Berber, and Celtic 
traces; and the same in those of the Pujuni family in the valley of the 
Sacramento in California, and of the Kulanapan family between the 
Pujunans and the Pacific. 
