[ELLs] GEOLOGY OF THE OTTAWA PALÆOZOIC BASIN 101 
Bear Brook station, which is apparently the highest point on the 
western part of the section. ‘Thence the grade declines to Casselman, 
on the South Nation river at the head of the High Falls, where the 
elevation is only 216 feet above sea level or four feet higher than at the 
starting point in Ottawa. East of this place, the summit of the line is 
reached at a point about two miles east of Maxville, where it is 382 
feet, beyond which there is a gradual descent to the junction of this rail- 
way with the line of the Grand Trunk at Coteau. 
On the Ottawa and Cornwall railway, the summit of the first or 
northern part of the section, is seen near Edwards station near the south 
line of the township of Gloucester, where the elevation is 266 feet. 
Thence the line descends to the valley of the Nation river at Embrun, 
the height of which is only 222 feet or ten feet above the Central station 
at Ottawa. The grade then gradually ascends southward and at a point 
a short distance south of Newington station reaches an elevation of 
334 feet, whence it descends gradually to the station in the town of 
Cornwall, about a mile north of the St. Lawrence river which is prac- 
tically on the same level as the Central station, the difference in eleva- 
tion between the termini being only one foot. 
On the Prescott branch of the Canadian Pacific, the line starts 
from the Union station in Ottawa, which is thirty-seven feet lower 
than the Central station. The summit of the first part of the line is 
reached in nine miles from Ottawa city and is near Gloucester station, 
where the elevation of the surface is 368 feet and of the railway line 
354 feet. Thence south the lowest point is at Sabourin station, near 
the Rideau river, five miles north of Kemptville, the descent in this in- 
terval being sixty-nine feet. Continuing towards Prescott the grade 
again rises and reaches the summit of the line at a point four miles 
north of Spencerville station, where it is 367 feet above sea level at the 
surface and 353 feet at the line of rail, or practically the same as at the 
summit in Gloucester. Thence the grade decreases to the shore of the 
St. Lawrence river at Prescott station which is 252 feet above the sea. 
The elevations west of the Rideau are somewhat greater. Thus 
from the Union station in Ottawa there is a rise of 272 feet to Carleton 
Junction in a distance of twenty-seven miles. This point is 449 feet 
above sea level. Thence the line of the Brockville branch descends to 
Smith’s Falls which is twenty-seven feet lower or 422 feet. The level 
of the Rideau Lake which is a short distance west is given as 417 feet 
above sea. 
West of Ottawa the elevations along the Ottawa river have been 
already given in a paper read before this society in 1895, on “The 
Physical Features and Geology of the proposed Ottawa Canal.” 
