196 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
ness of drift was found at a point about one mile south of the village 
of Rockland, near the Ottawa. At Hammond on the Rockland branch 
railway, about ten miles south of Rockland village, a depth of 100 feet 
was reached; at Cheney, two miles south, the drift was 103 feet, while 
near the village of the Brook, in the vicinity of Cobb’s lake the boring 
in the clay reached a depth of 110 feet. 
On the South Nation river, near Pendleton village, two holes were 
bored in the blue clay to a depth of 116 feet. At Plantagenet village 
the depth of this was 112 feet, and at a point east of the village of 
Curran in the same basin the rock was struck at 150 feet. In the bot- 
tom of these holes from two to five feet of gravel was found. Near the 
Ottawa river at Wendover, the clay had a thickness of 160 feet, and at 
a point one mile south of this it had a depth of 116 feet. 
The above series of borings in the area south of the Ottawa, show 
conclusively that the denudation of this part of the basin was very 
considerable. The fact that, while most of the holes were almost en- 
tirely in blue clay, a small deposit of gravel was found in some of the 
borings at the base, and in others local developments of quicksand were 
encountered, is also interesting as showing local changes in deposition 
of the recent sediments. 
In many of these holes, water was struck. Sometimes this was 
saline, but at other places it was soft and sweet. Gas was also found in 
a number of places, but only at a few points was the underlying rock 
pierced. 
The extension of this deep depression east of the South Nation 
river has not yet been fully traced by borings. In the direction of 
Caledonia Springs the country is low and an extensive peat bog occupies 
a large part of the surface in this direction, with great deposits of sand 
on either side. At the Springs several borings were made through the 
clay covering and into the underlying rock for a considerable depth. 
At one point the clay had a thickness of 132 feet and at another place, 
not far removed, it was only thirty-one feet. The channel is evidently 
a preglacial one since it has been filled up by the most recent sediments 
of the basin. 
Other borings, some for oil and others for water, have been made in 
this area, some of which are of interest as determining the thickness 
of the underlying rock formations. Presumably the earliest of these 
recorded is one near Bainsville in the eastern part of the township of 
Lancaster, not far from the river St. Lawrence. Unfortunately no 
log of this boring was preserved, but the total depth reached is said to 
be 500 feet. As the rock at the surface belongs to the Calciferous 
formation it would have been of interest to know what was the 

