[AMI] GEOLOGY OF SOME CITIES IN EASTERN CANADA 141 
The variety of sediments present in this formation is accompanied 
by variety in the fauna or forms of life entombed in them. In the 
black shales occur the graptolites; in the dark gray limestone bands in- 
terstratified with the shales brachiopods and trilobites occur sparsely 
distributed or associated with graptolites, whilst in the cream-coloured 
dolomites or limestones are found trilobites in great abundance, brachi- 
opoda and cephalopoda also in abundance, but no graptolites. 
The black shales hold abundance of graptolitie remains of which 
we note those peculiar to the Tetragraptus zone, which include several 
Clonograpti, Rouvillograptus, Goniograptus, Dichograpti; the forms 
peculiar to the Didymograptus zone and higher up again in the series, 
the zone of T'rigonograptus ensiformis. The limestone bands are char- 
acterized by a brachiopod and trilobitic fauna of considerable interest. 
The most remarkable of which is that portion of the Levis formation 
described as the Shumardia limestone which from recent discoveries 
made has proved to yield no less than thirty species of organic remains, 
a number of which are :— 
Lingula Quebecensis, Elkania desiderata, Serpulites Westoni, Leptena 
sordida, Orthis gemmicula, O. Electra and O. Hippolyte, and a large fauna 
of gasteropods and trilobites occur in the limestones and dolomites. 
From, a careful study of the palæontological evidence before him, Mr. 
Billings arrived to the satisfactory conclusion that the stratigraphical 
position of the Levis formation in the scale of time is about equivalent 
to that of the Calciferous. At Point Levis, along the numerous cuttings 
of the I. C. R. on the south shore of the St. Lawrence, at St. Joseph, 
Harlaka, on the Island of Orleans, the Levis formation can be studied 
to advantage. Many species of graptolites occurring in the vicinity of 
Quebec are identical with forms found in the Skiddaw slates of England 
and Wales. 
The Quebec formation.—Overlying the Levis shales, limestones, etc., 
and intimately associated with them, there occur black bituminous shales 
or mud-stones, calcareous bands, cherty conglomerates and limestones, 
holding a peculiar fauna, distinct in every respect from the Levis and 
other formations in the vicinity of Quebec, to which it has been neces- 
sary to apply some formational name. The term “Quebec Formation” 
was suggested by the writer in a paper read before the Geological 
Society of America, at Washington, and has since been adopted by 
members of the U. 8. Geological Survey and others. 
It is well developed within the city of Quebec, near Montcalm mar- 
ket, on Parliament Square, the Dufferin Terrace, the Cove Fields and 
Plains of Abraham, also on the Island of Orleans. It forms the newest 
