[ami] GEOLOGY OF SOME CITIES IN EASTERN CANADA 148 
Much work still remains to be done in the elucidation of various 
problems involved in the study of the Quebec group of rocks as de- 
veloped in and about Quebec city. The fauna of this formation is as 
yet but imperfectly known, the writings of the late Mr. Billings, Prof. 
Lapworth, of Birmingham, England, and of Mr. 8. W. Ford, of Scho- 
dack Landing, and those of the writer are practically all that exist on 
the fauna of this most interesting group of rocks which for a long time 
were classed as part and parcel of the Levis formation. It is from these 
strata that Mr. T. C. Weston obtained the organic remains which served 
to throw the first ight upon their age and relations. 
An interesting feature deserves mention, and that is the occurrence 
in certain limestone bands near Montcalm Market, of a number of species 
of fossil organic remains which are met with also on the Levis side of 
the St. Lawrence; still it must be remembered that in dealing with com- 
plicated structures and contorted strata such as are developed in the 
neighbourhood of Quebec city, where thrust-faults, dislocations and 
plications are numerous, it is not surprising to find, in fact, we ought to 
expect to see portions of one formation caught up and held in intimate 
association with another. Hence it is not at all unlikely that strata 
properly referable to the Levis formation occur within the limits of 
Quebec city, a view long ago held by Sir William Logan. 
The Quebec formation is in part at least equivalent to the Llandeilo 
and Hartfell formations of Great Britain and Ireland. Many forms 
appear to be common to both continents. It is confidently expected that 
before long the very interesting fauna peculiar to the Quebec massif will 
be properly described and illustrated. 
The Black River formation.—This formation which consists of dark- 
coloured, semi-crystalline, evenly bedded and impure fossiliferous lime- 
stones with its characteristic remains is best seen in the vicinity of 
Jeune Lorette and is there found to overlap unconformably the Archean 
or Laurentian rocks. There is not a great thickness of this formation 
developed in the vicinity of Quebec. It is estimated that not more than 
seventy-five feet of limestones can be referred to this formation. Many 
of the characteristic fossils of the Black River such as T'etradium 
fibratum and Columnaria Halli, are absent, and many Trenton species 
are to be found intermingled with forms usually referred to the Black 
River formation. 
Such forms as T’rochoceras Halli, Ambonychia bellistriata, Illænus 
Milleri, Isochilina Whiteavesii and Primitia Logani, occur at the Falls of 
the St. Charles River. It not infrequently happens that immediately 
underneath the limestone and separating the Archean floor from them, 
there occur certain bands or deposits of an arenaceous nature indicating 
