[amr] GEOLOGY OF SOME CITIES IN EASTERN CANADA 145 
The Lorraine formation.—Calcareo-argillaceous shales with occa- 
sional magnesian bands, for the most part fine-grained and buff-weather- 
ing and fissile, constitute the newest of the series of Ordovician strata in 
the vicinity of Quebec. They are supposed by Sir William Logan to 
form at least 719 feet of measures overlying the Utica. The most 
complete section as measured by Sir William Logan was taken below 
Montmorency Falls. Another typical outcrop of this formation may be 
seen on the south shore side of the St. Lawrence at St. Nicholas just 
west of the Great St. Lawrence-Champlain-Appalachian Fault. Other 
outcrops occur on the north side of the Island of Orleans at Ste. Famille, 
at Ste. Anne de Beaupré, St. Joachim, and along the strip of territory 
south and west of Cap Tourmente, forming a more or less level plain 
between the face of the Archean escarpment and the St. Lawrence 
river. 
The Lorraine formation also occurs at Charlesbourg, and in the 
valley of erosion north of Quebec city, between Lorette and the Quebec 
city massif. The buff-weathering and fine-grained fissile shales of this 
formation are seen to crop out along Côte de la Négresse, Côte Sauva- 
geau, where they are tilted at a high angle owing to the post-Ordovician 
thrusting that took place and displaced the older formations of Levis 
and Quebec age, and thrust them to the north-west butting against the 
formations there developed. 
Among the characteristic fossils observed in the Lorraine may be 
mentioned the following: Diplograptus Hudsonicus, Nicholson, Ortho- 
desma parallelum, Byssonychia radiata, Hall, Modiolopsis sp, Trinu- 
cleus, probably a new species, and a Bellerophon, like B. bilobatus. 
GENERAL REMARKS. 
The Lorraine, Utica and Trenton formations of Quebec city and its 
environs together with the Black River phase of the latter were de- 
posited under conditions essentially different from those which pre- 
vailed during the deposition of the Quebec and Levis formations, and it 
may be here remarked that in no locality has the Quebec and Levis 
formations been found immediately underlying the Trenton, Utica or 
Lorraine formation. This is owing no doubt to the different condi- 
tions prevailing at the time of deposition of each series. It is from 
inductive as well as deductive reasoning that the Levis formation 
is assigned to an older horizon than the Trenton of Montmorency Falls 
and vicinity of Quebec. The disturbed condition of the former series 
in certain areas about Quebec city is probably due to the fact that in 
Post-Lorraine times considerable crumpling and faulting took place in 
this portion of Canada. Numerous parallel faults and cross faults also 
