150 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
them both from the underlying limestones of the Trenton, or from the 
bluish gray mudstones or shales of the Lorraine formation overlying. 
One of the best outcrops of the formation within easy reach of 
Toronto, is at Whitby. On a farm, the property of Mr. Yerx, and in 
other localities in the neighbourhood, the highly fossiliferous shales of 
this formation are well exposed, and numerous fossil organic remains 
can be obtained from this locality. Amongst those are:—Leptograptus 
flaccidus, Hall, Orthograptus quadrimucronatus, Hall, Leptobolus in- 
signis, H. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby, Zygospira modesta, Say, 
Lyrodesma pulchellum, Emmons, Trocholites anmonius, Triarthrus 
Canadensis, Smith, T. Becki, Green, and 7’. Smithi, Chapman, Asaphus 
latimarginatus, Hall, (A. Canadensis, Chapman), Primitia Ulrich, 
Jones. 
The Lorraine formation—The only formation of palæozoic sedi- 
ments which crops out in and about Toronto is that of the Lorraine, or 
summit of the Ordovician system. It consists for the most part of bluish 
gray, soft and fine grained shales or mudstones, overlaid by coarser and 
light yellowish gray and green calcareous and arenaceous shales. 
Throughout this formation the beds are fossiliferous, and the outcrops 
about Toronto are numerous. 
At Taylor’s brickyard, north of Dundas street road, in the ravine 
at Walmsley’s pottery works, Yonge street road, at Eastman’s Mills, 
Don River, Lot 13, Con. 2, Toronto Bay, near Gamble’s Mills, Humber 
River, Exhibition Grounds, Fisher’s Mill, Humber, at Scorbit’s mill- 
site, top of the bank mouth of Credit, bed of the Credit River, opposite 
Indian Village, at Streetsville and Lambton, on Lot 12, Con. 5, of 
York Township, at Somerville, Oakville, and in the valley at Weston; 
various outcrops of this formation occur and its faunistic and other 
characteristics may be studied to advantage. 
The total thickness of the various members of this formation is not 
far from 600 feet, and to the west of Toronto may even attain a thick- 
ness of 650 feet. 
The shales of this formation are locally extensively used in the 
manufacture of pottery, bricks and tiles. Among the more interesting 
fossil remains obtained in the Lorraine of Toronto and vicinity the fol- 
lowing are noted: Diplograptus Hudsonicus, Nicholson; Pholidops sub- 
truncatus, Favistella stellata, Hall; Monotrypella undulata, Nicholson; 
Tetradium minus, Safford; Liospira subconica, Hall; Byssonychia radiata, 
Hall; Modiolopsis modiolaris, H.; M. pholadiformis, H.; Orthoceras 
lamellosum, H.; O. crebriseptum, Cleidophorus planulatus, H.; Cyrtolites 
ornatus, Conrad; and besides the following species representing jaws of 
fossil Annelids described by Dr. Hinde, Drepanodus arcuatus, Hinde, 

