[Amr] GEOLOGY OF SOME CITIES IN EASTERN CANADA 153 
besides Populus grandidentata, and Tilia Americana. Of shells the tol- 
lowing species occur as Taylor’s brick yard in the inter-glacial deposits : 
Planorbis parvus, P. tricarinatus, Pisidium Adamsi, Amnicola porata, 
Goniobasis depygis, Valvata sincera, V. tricarinata, Sphærium rhom- 
boideum, Succinea avara, and a large series of Unionidæ:—Unio rectus, 
U. solidus, U. occidens, U. gibbosus, U. undulatus, U. clavus, U. 
phaseolus, U. trigonus and U. pustulosus, U. Luteolus. These include 
forms also found in the inter-glacial clays and sands of the Winchester 
street deposits. 
Amongst the insects described by Prof. S. H. Scudder, from the 
inter-glacial beds at Scarborough, thé following are selected: Donacia 
stiria, Bledius glaciatus, Platynus Hindei, Plerosticus dormitans, 
Patrobus gelatus, Bembidium glaciatum, Elaphrus irregularis. 
Post-Glacial Fossils—Horns of the caribou (fangifer caribou), 
have been discovered in the Iroquois beach near Toronto Junction, and 
from the gravel pits of West Toronto in the materials deposited by old 
Lake Warren, the following species are recorded and may be seen adorn- 
ing the cases of the Museum of the School of Practical Science in 
Toronto, Ontario. Besides numerous remains of the American larch 
os tamarack, several species of shells occur as follows:—Valvata sincera, 
V. tricarinata, Goniobasis livescens, Amnicola porata, A. limosa, Succinea 
avara, Polygyra monodon, Planorbis deflectus, P. parvus, P. bicarinatus, 
P. campanulatus, Unio Luteolus, Physa anciliaria, Spheriwm rhom- 
boideum, Pisidium abditum, P. Novaboracense, Limnea elodes. 
From Adairs pit from which sand is obtained for economic or 
building purposes, a portion of the tusk of a fossil elephant was dis- 
covered, nearly 11 inches in length, about 3 inches in diameter, but this 
fragment is not sufficient to determine whether the tusk belonged to a 
species of mastodon or mammoth. The tusk must have been a very 
large one, as the fragment, as preserved, shows but a slight curvature, 
which, if continued, would probably be not less than 12 inches in 
‘diameter and indicate a tusk several feet in length. 
No trace of marine fossil organic remains have as yet been detected 
in the Pleistocene strata of the neighbourhood of Toronto. The writer 
is aware that marine shells have been recorded from the Post-Tertiary 
strata of the Lake Ontario Basin, but he has never been able to corro- 
borate or substantiate the statements with actual specimens. In the 
absence of marine fossils in the Pleistocene of the Lake Ontario Basin 
coupled with the abundance of fresh-water organisms in the Toronto 
and Hamilton districts, it is fairly safe to assume that the waters in 
which the Post-Tertiary deposits of Toronto and vicinity were laid down, 
were not marine but fresh. 
