206 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
As in New York state, these follow each other in regular succession. 
There is no evidence of a Lower Helderberg fauna or formation in the 
province of Ontario. The Medina formation consists for the most part 
of conglomerates and sandstones, with marls, red in colour, holding but 
few fossils, whilst the Clinton shales, caleareous and arenaceous, with 
a few dolomitic bands, and red or iron ore bands, such as may be readily 
seen in the Niagara gorge and escarpments near Hamilton, are followed 
by limestones and dolomites, compact and cherty, abounding in fossil 
remains belonging to the Niagara formation. 
The Guelph formation with its light cream-coloured dolomites forms 
a not unimportant fcrmation which is highly fossiliferous, and its fauna 
has been carefully and elaborately described by Hall, Billings and 
Whiteaves. In many localities in Canada the Medina, Clinton, Niagara 
and Guelph formations yield natural gas. The Salina, Onondaga and 
Water-Lime formations from which the salt, gypsum and cement stones 
of Ontario are derived, consist for the most part of light yellowish-gray 
compact dolomite which assumes a lithographic aspect in Welland 
county. 
Interior Continental Plain.—At Cross lake rapids, and near the foot 
of the Grand rapids, on the lower Saskatchewan, as well as on the east 
side of Lake Winnipegosis, in portions of the province of Manitoba, as. 
well as in the district of Saskatchewan, light yellowish-gray limestones, 
and cream-coloured dolomites sometimes porous, underlie the rocks of 
Devonian age. Their geological as well as paleontological characters 
have recently been made known by Messrs. Tyrrell, Dowling and Dr. 
Whiteaves and are referable in part to the Niagara formation. Penta- 
merus decussatus is a characteristic species from this horizon. 
The Cordilleran Region.—In the Rocky mountain belt, in British 
Columbia, Mr. McConnell and Prof. A. P. Coleman, have examined 
a number of limited areas, probably referable to this system; notably 
along the Kicking Horse river, near the Glen Ogle slate quarries, and 
near the head-waters of the Columbia and Saskatchewan rivers. These 
localities have afforded fine examples of the genus Halysites (probably 
I. catenulatus) usually characteristic of the Silurian. 
THE DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 
The Acadian Region.—Im Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, where 
the sedimentary formations of the paleeozoic were being deposited along 
a more or less sinuous and broken coast line similar to that of the present 
day, many varieties of sediments occur. The only marine Devonian 
known in Nova Scotia to date is found in Annapolis county in the vicin- 

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