212 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
and continuing northward into equivalent and newer strata on Prince 
Edward Island. 
The New Glasgow formation is overlaid by some 25 feet of impure 
fossiliferous limestone, which in turn is capped by sandstones, shales 
and coaly or carbonaceous bands (Smelt Brook formation.) Then follow 
an extensive series of yellowish gray and green freestones or grits, such 
as are seen in the vicinity of Pictou town, (Pictou formation) ; these are 
followed upward by coarser grits and conglomerates with an occasional 
band of cherty limestone overlaid by red shales and sandstones of Cape 
John and vicinity, constituting the Cape John formation. The Cape 
John rocks, sometimes called Permo-Carboniferous, are well developed 
in Prince Edward Island, especially along the south shore and probably 
represent the equivalent of the Windsor and Westville formations of 
Nova Scotia. 
In New Brunswick, the “ Albert shales,’—Albert formation—ot 
Albert and Westmoreland counties, containing some forty per cent of 
hydrocarbons, belong to the Eo-Carboniferous. These are overlaid by 
conglomerates and marls, usually referred to the Millstone Grit. 
The “Millstone grit formation” (so-called) appears to occupy 
almost the entire area of Carboniferous rocks in north and eastern, as 
well as central New Brunswick. The coal-bearing strata of Grand lake 
belong to this formation. In several isolated areas, outliers of Carboni- 
ferous limestones are seen to occur, and occupy a position, according to 
some, unconformably below the “millstone grit.” The strata which by 
many geologists have been classed as Devonian in New Brunswick, in 
the vicinity of St. John, and which comprise the Bloomsbury conglo- 
merate, the Dadoxylon sandstone, the Cordaite shales (constituting what 
the writer terms the Bloomsbury and Lancaster formations), with the 
Mispec series, are referred by me to the Carboniferous, as equivalents of 
the Union and Riversdale formations. 
In the St. George Bay basin of Newfoundland, rocks of Carboni- 
ferous age also are recognised and probably represent the equivalents of 
the Windsor and Westville formations of Nova Scotia. 
The only Carboniferous rocks so far recognized in the province of 
Quebec occur in Gaspé, and consist of conglomerates, called the “Car- 
boniferous conglomerate,” “Bonaventure conglomerate” or more simply 
and properly : Bonaventure formation. 
The Laurentian Highlands.—North of the great Archeæn nucleus 
or protaxis, and on the most northerly of the Arctic islands, Carboni- 
ferous strata were discovered by the various explorers who visited the 
polar regions. Gypsiferous rocks and limestones occur on the east side 
of Prince Regent Inlet. Lower Carboniferous series overlaid by Car- 

