218 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
the Rocky Mountains, with cycads, pines, and ferns, followed upward 
by the “ Intermediate series” of the Rocky Mts., the “ Queen Charlotte 
series,” and Suskwa R., with their cycads, pines, and a few dicotyledons. 
2, The Middle Cretaceous, comprising the “Mill Creek series” or Mill 
Creek formation of the Rocky Mts., and the “ Dunvegan series” (Dun- 
vegan formation), of the Peace river, with dicotyledons and coniferæ, 
which find their equivalents in the Dakota group of the United States. 
3, Upper Cretaceous, including the coal-measures of Nanaimo (Nanaimo 
formation), with many dicotyledons, palms, etc., the “ Belly R. series” 
with its hgnites, conifers and dicotyledons. The Lower Laramie, or “St. 
Mary R. series,” including the Lemna and Pistia beds of the bad lands. 
of the Red Deer R., including lignites, also the Middle Laramie, or 
“ Willow Creek series,” which are overlaid by the “ Porcupine Hill series,” 
or Upper Laramie. From the Cretaceous rocks of Canada, Sir Wm. 
Dawson has recognized 179 species of fossil plants, and Mr. Whiteaves. 
394 species of fossil animal remains, if we include the whole of the 
Laramie as a part of the Cretaceous system. Along the Rink rapids of 
the Lewes R. marine Cretaceous fossils have been recorded, from the 
Yukon district. The Yukon district coal is probably of Cretaceous age. 
The coal beds at Anthracite, and the Crow’s Nest coal strata are both 
of Kootenay age. 
THE TERTIARY SYSTEM. 
Neither in the Acadian region nor in the Laurentian Highlands, 
nor again throughout the Lawrencian Lowlands, are there found any 
recognizable traces of rocks properly referable to the Eocene, Miocene, 
or Pliocene, unless some of the pre-glacial gravels along the north shore 
of Lake Ontario, underlying the glacial deposits of the Toronto region 
may prove to be Tertiary in age. 
The Interior Continental Plain.—The “ Paskapoo series,” or 
Paskapoo formation, or upper division of the Laramie, consisting of gray 
and brownish-weathering lamellar, or massive sandstones, and olive sandy 
shales of fresh-water origin, has, no doubt, been correctly referred to the 
Eocene Tertiary, and separated from the Cretaceous by Mr. Tyrrell. The 
fauna which these rocks hold, as well as their flora, affording satisfactory 
evidence in support of this view. This series overlies the Edmonton 
formation, and together with it, correspond to the Porcupine Hill and 
Willow Creek series, and part of the St. Mary River series, of Dr. Dawsom 
in the South. The thickness of this formation is between 5000 and 
6000 feet. It has been traced along with the Edmonton series, as the 
Laramie or Lignite Tertiary formation, by Richardson, Selwyn, Dawson, 

