220 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
equivalency of certain unfossiliferous beds overlying the Nanaimo (coal 
bearing) formation at Comox and elsewhere in Vancouver island, as 
possibly in part equivalent to the Tejon group of California. In the 
southern interior of British Columbia volcanic rocks, sandstones, and 
shales, with fossil insects and plants, constituting the Similkameen 
formation, have been referred to the Miocene Tertiary. In the Queen 
Charlotte islands, rocks of Tertiary age occur on Graham island. They 
form the greater part of the island, extending from Skidegate to Pillar 
bay, and at the head of Masset inlet Tertiary volcanics prevail. On 
the north side of Skidegate inlet the Tertiary rocks consist of hard, 
thin-bedded, arenaceous clays, oftimes gray and micaceous associated 
with gravels and conglomerates, argillaceous lignite, holding trunks 
and branches of trees. At Ya-Kan point, and on the bank of the 
Hi-Ellon River at Toe Hill, calcareous sandstones and brown weathering 
granular dolerite occur, whilst at Skon-Un Point fossiliferous sandstones 
of Miocene or possibly Pliocene age (Skonun formation), have yielded 
an interesting fauna described by Mr. Whiteaves. On Ain river, Manin 
river and other localities, banded trachyte, lignites, voleanic agglomer- 
ates and obsidian have been detected and recorded. At Carmanagh 
Point, the Astoria Miocene occurs. 
In the Arctic islands, Oswald Heer has described and recorded the 
existence of Miocene Tertiary plants and deposits on Princa Patrick 
island and Banks Land, from collections and observations made by 
McClintock, McClure, and Armstrong. Ballast beach, on Banks Land, 
has afforded large quantities of fossil wood, and plants. 
On the Lewes and Yukon rivers, Dr. Dawson has recorded the 
occurrence of hard compact flinty and grayish-white argillite, holding 
plant remains, which may probably be referable to the Upper Laramie 
or Eocene Tertiary. The Horsefly Gravels and Klondike drift are also 
described by him as Pliocene. : . 
THE QUATERNARY SYSTEM. 
The Quaternary deposits of Eastern British North America may 
be divided into three periods, viz.: 1, the Glacial, or boulder clays ; 
2, the Champlain, or marine clays deposited during period of submer- 
gence ; 3, the Recent or terrace period of elevation. 
The Acadian Region.—In summing the results of observation thus 
far made in south-eastern Canada, Mr. Chalmers says: “1. The glaciation 
of south-eastern Quebec, and northern New Brunswick was effected 
largely by local glaciers which moved northward and southward from 
the highest land or watershed adjacent to Notre Dame mountains, this 
watershed forming a gathering ground for the snow and neve which sent 

