224 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
dilleran glacier was contemporaneous with, if not caused by, a subsidence 
of the mountain region. Numerous observations of glaciation at levels 
reaching to 6880 feet, and ranging between 3150 feet and that figure, 
are recorded on the plateau between North Thompson R. and Dead Man 
R., on Mount Murray, in the Lytton mountains, and on the plateau be- 
tween the Thompson and Nicola valleys, and the valley which connects 
Nicola lake and Kamloops. The Cordilleran formation, or drift, appears 
to be applicable to materials deposited by the Cordilleran glaciers, both 
east and west of the main axis of dispersion. On Barnes creek the 
following section occurs :— 
(c) Silty deposits. 
(b) Boulder-clay obscurely stratified, and 
(a) Stratified gravels, silts and sands. 
Terraces and shore lines are frequently met with, and white silts, also 
drumlin-like ridges, moraines, and other drift ridges. | 
Auriferous placer deposits occur in different periods of the drift of 
British Columbia. In the Yukon district Dr. Dawson, Mr. Tyrrell, and 
Mr. McConnell have recorded interesting glacial phenomena, and strati- 
fied gravels and sands, many of which have proved to be auriferous. 
Terraces, indicating higher levels or former reaches of rivers, and 
glacial lake deposits have also been described. 
The Champlain Period.—This was a period of subsidence in which 
the Acadian region as well as a portion of the Laurentian Highlands 
along their margin, and the Lawrencian Lowlands for the most part were 
depressed beneath the level of the Atlantic waters. Stratified gravels, 
sands and clays and kames associated therewith overlaid by river and 
lake terraces and accompanying kames inland, and Leda clays and kames, 
together with Sazicava sands, the latter formed by marine agency, 
characterize this period throughout Nova Scotia, Prince Edward island, 
and New Brunswick, whilst the most recent deposits or formations of 
Quaternary age consist of the river flats and intervales (alluvium) estua- 
rine flats, mussel or oyster beds, natural dykes, etc., with dune or blown 
sand overlying both. In both the St. Lawrence and Ottawa River 
valleys terraces of marine clays occur to a height of over 600 feet, and 
are overlaid by sands and gravels, constituting the Leda clay formation 
and Saxicava sand, which nearly everywhere prove to be highly fossili- 
ferous. At River du Loup, Beauport, St. Liboire, and Montreal island, 
at the Mile End quarries, and the Tanneries, in the province of Quebec, 
and at Green’s creek, and Besserers, near Ottawa, and other localities in 
the Ottawa valley, an interesting fauna and flora, indicating cold and © 
marine conditions abound. ‘The Montreal Saxicava (sand) formation, — 
the Beauport sands and gravels, the Leda clay, the Macoma sands, the 

