I. NOMENCLATURE AND FORMULAS 179 



6. Tests for "Tyrosyl Derivatives" 364 



7. Other Laboratory Tests 365 



8. The Hematopoietic System 365 



D. Pathology and Pathologic Physiology 371 



E. Differential Diagnosis 375 



X. Pharmacology 376 



XI. Reciuirements 380 



A. Of Animals 380 



1. Criteria for Judging Heciuiroments 380 



2. Factors Influencing Vitamin Reciuirement 385 



B. Of Human Beings 388 



XII. Future Problems 391 



I. Nomenclature and Formulas 



ROBERT S. HARRIS 



Accepted names : Ascorbic acid^ 



Vitamin C^ 

 Obsolete names: Cevitamic acid 



Hexuronic acid' 



Antiskorbutin* 



Antiscorbutic vitamin 



Scorbutamin^ 

 Empirical formulas: CeHsOe (ascorbic acid) 



CeHeOe (dehydroascorbic acid) 

 Chemical name: l-Threo-2,4,5,6-pentoxyhexen-2 carboxylic acid lactone 

 Structures : 



OH OH 



I I 



C C 



I I 



CH2OH— CHOH— HC C=0 



\ / 

 O 



Ascorbic acid , 



(reduced form) 



' A. Szent-Gyorgyi and W. X. Haworth, Nature 131, 23 (1933). 

 2 J. C. Drummond, Biochem. J. 14, 660 (1920). 

 'A. Szent-Gyorgyi, Biochem. J. 20, 1387 (1925). 

 * A. Hoist, and T. Frolich, J. Hyg. 7, 634 (1907). 

 s R. L. Jones, Science 68, 480 (1928). 



