VIII. EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY IN ANIMALS 337 



variations in the fat content of the diet are lacking but undoubtedly should 

 be made. 



c. Ascorbic Acid in Foods as Compared to the Synthetic Product 



Several reports have indicated a greater retention or positive effect of 

 the naturally occurring N'itamin.^^*- '•22-431 other workers, however, have 

 reported linding e(iual I'iological potency of the naturally occurring and 

 synthetic forms."--''^^ Melnick et al.*^^^ investigated the problem using their 

 human bioassay method.''^®'' They found that when ascor])ic acid was added 

 to apple juice there was no increase in availaV)ility above that of the syn- 

 thetic form but the vitamin in the natural juice was more stable than that 

 in the aqueous solution. The naturally occurring vitamin is associated with 

 soluble carbohydrates, organic acids other than ascorbic, fiavonoids of 

 certain tj^pes, other water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and also other types 

 of substances. It seems possible that under some conditions one or more of 

 these factors may be involved in producing effects either surpassing or less 

 than those obtained with the synthetic vitamin. However, there is no indi- 

 cation that the sjaithetic product itself is less effective than the vitamin 

 contained in natural foodstuffs. 



d. Fever 



Hausberger and Nevenschwander-Lemmer^^' found that injected ascor- 

 bic acid disappears from the blood of patients with fever more quickly 

 than it does from normal persons. Stutskii^^^ and Marotta and Calendoli^-^^ 



*" E. Jucobsen, Skand. Arch. Physiol. 72, 259 (1935). 

 «3 A. Elmby and E. Warburg, Lancet II, 1363 (1937). 

 «* E. X. Todhunter, R. C. Robbins, G. Ivey, and W. Brewer, J. Nutrition 19, 113 



(1940). 

 *" G. Wilhelmi, Z. ges. exptl. Med. 107, 551 (1940). 



«« S. K. Roy and M. N. Rudra, Ann. Biochem. and Exptl. Med. (India) 1, 307 (1941). 

 «7 W. W. Spink, S. Agnevv, and O. Mickelsen, /. Immunol. 44, 289, 297 (1942). 

 «8 A. Kuhn and H. Gerhard, Hippokrates 12, 1284 (1941); C/iew. Zentr. 1, 1155 (1942). 

 «9 Alter, Z. Vitaminforsch. 12, 297 (1942). 



"' A. A. Selenzneva and X. V. Kukina, Vitamin Research News (U.S.S.R.) 1, 40 (1946). 

 «' E. W. Crampton and E. W. JJurton, Federation Proc. 5, 2.30 (1946). 

 *^2 A. Scheunert and J. Reschke, Vitamine u. Hormone 1, 195 (1941). 

 «' J. Hangartner and T. Gordonoff, Z. Vitaminforsch 12, 226 (1942). 

 «* E. R. Hartzler, J. Nutrition 30, 355 (1945). 



«* K. J. Elliott and C. Schuck, J. Am. Dietct. Assoc. 25, 845 (1949). 

 «6" D. Molnick, M. Hochberg, and B. L. Oser, J. Nutrition 34, 409 (1947). 

 *^«> D. Melnick, M. Hochberg, and B. L. Oser, J. Nutrition 30, 67 (1945). 

 *" F. X. Hausberger and X. Xevenschwander-Lemmer, Klin. Wochschr. 18, 1119 



(1939). 

 «* I. L. Stutskii, Klin. Med. (U.S.S.R.) 16, 1084 (1937); Chem. Zentr. 1, 4680 (1938). 

 "9 G. Marotta and G. Calendoli, Boll. soc. ital. bid. sper. 19, 16 (1944). 



