526 BIOTIN 



B. Chicks and Turkeys 602 



C. Dogs 603 



D. Pigs 603 



E. Cows 603 



F. Fish 603 



G. Monkeys 604 



H. Man 604 



I. Fat Infiltration of the Liver 606 



J. Biotin and Sex Hormones 608 



K. Biotin and Cancer 609 



L. Biotin and Resistance to Disease 611 



XI. Pathology 613 



XII. Pharmacology 614 



XIII. Requirements 615 



A. Yeast and Other Fungi 615 



B. Bacteria 616 



C. Insects 617 



D. Higher Animals and Man 618 



I. Nomenclature and Formula 



ROBERT S. HARRIS 



Accepted name: Biotin^ 



Obsolete names : Bios 11^ Factor X^ 



Bios IIB^ Coenzyme R^ 



Vitamin H^ Anti-egg white injury factor'' 



Factor W8 Skin factor^- i« 



Empirical formula: C10H16O3N2S 



Chemical name: CT's-Hexahydro-2-oxo-lH-thieno(3 ,4)-imidazole-4-valeric 

 acid (or 2'-keto-3,4-imidazolido-2-tetrahydrothiophene-n-valeric acid) 



' F. Kogl, Ber. deut. chem. ges. 68, 16 (1935). 



2 G. H. W. Lucas, /. Phys. Chem. 28, 1180 (1924). 



3M. A. Boas, Biochem. J. 21, 712 (1927). 



' W. Lash Miller, Trans. Roy Soc. Canada III, 30, 99 (1936). 



6 F. E. Allison, S. R. Hoover, and D. Burk, Science 78, 217 (1933). 



6 P. Gyorgy, Z. arztl. Forlbildung 28, 377, 417 (1931). 



7 J.G. Lease and H. T. Parsons, Biochem J. 28, 2109 (1934). 



8 C. A. Elvehjem, C. J. Koehn, and J. J. Oleson, /. Biol. Chem. 115, 707 (1936). 



9 W. Marshall, J. Invest. Dermatol. 2, 205 (1939) . 

 " W. Marshall, Med. World 57, 101 (1939). 



i 



