Chapter 12 

 p-AMINOBENZOIC ACID 



Page 



I. Nomenclature 2 



II. Chemistry 2 



A. Preparation 2 



B. Physical Properties 3 



C. Chemical Properties 6 



D. Derivatives 10 



E. Color Reactions 11 



III. Industrial Preparation 12 



IV. Biochemical Systems 13 



V. Biogenesis 16 



VI. Estimation 19 



A. Chemical Methods 19 



B. Microbiological Methods 21 



VII. Occurrence in Foods 27 



VIII. Effects of Deficiency 32 



A. In Bacteria 32 



1. Nutrition 32 



2. Synthesis 34 



B. In Animals 37 



1. Rats 37 



2. Mice 41 



3. Hamsters 42 



4. Chicks 42 



5. Swine 42 



6. Fish 43 



IX. Metabolism 43 



A. E.xcretion in Lower Animals .... 43 



B. E.xcretion in Human Beings 46 



X. Toxicity " ... 49 



A. In Laboratorj' Animals 49 



B. In Human Beings 51 



XI. Pharmacology 52 



.\. .\bsorption, Fate, and Excretion 52 



B. To.xicity 53 



C. Pharmacological Actions 55 



1. Circulatory S3'stem 55 



2. Blood 55 



3. Gastrointestinal Tract 55 



4. Nervous System 56 



5. Muscle 56 



6. Enzyme Sj'stems 56 



7. Endocrine System 57 



8. Detoxicating .\ction 58 



1 



