90 PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID 



was observed in women patients in India and was associated with preg- 

 nancy. The anemia was reheved by feeding large doses of Marmite, which 

 is a concentrated extract of autolyzed yeast. 



A deficiency disease similar to this clinical syndrome was experimentally 

 induced in monkeys by Wills and Stewart" by feeding diets similar to those 

 consumed by the women in Bombay who developed the tropical macrocytic 

 anemia. This anemia in monkeys could be cured by autolyzed yeast extract 



TABLE I 

 Nomenclature of Preparations Having Biological Activity Presumably Due 



TO PTEROYLGLUTAMIC AciD OR ReLATEI> COMPOUNDS 

 Name Description Date Ref. 



Wills factor Yeast extract, effective in the treatment 1931 1 



of tropica] macrocytic anemia 

 Vitamin M Yeast and liver extract, effective against 1938 2 



nutritional cytopenia in monkeys 

 Factor U Growth factor for chicks, present in yeast 1938 3 



extract 

 Vitamin Be Adsorbed on fuller's earth, prevented nu- 1939 4 



tritional anemia in chicks 

 Norit eluate factor Growth factor for L. casei from yeast and 1940 5 



liver 

 Folic acid ActiveforS. ZaciisR ; concentrates prepared 1941 6 



from spinach 

 L. casei factor Isolated from liver and yeast 1943 7 



SLR factor Growth factor for S. lactis R, inactive for 1943 8 



(rhizopterin) L. casei; obtained from Rhizopus nigri- 



cans fermentation product 



Note: In addition to the above, less clearly defined fractions have received separate names, including 

 vitamins Bio and Bu^ and factors R and S.i" 



and certain types of liver extracts which were also effective in the treatment 

 of tropical macrocytic anemia in human patients. However, two liver 



' L. Wills, M. A. Contab, and B. S. Lond, Brit. Med. J. 1, 1059 (1931). 



2 P. L. Day, W. C. Langston, and W. J. Darby, Proc. Sac. Exptl. Biol. Med. 38, 860 

 (1938). 



3 E. L. R. Stokstad and P. D. V. Manning, J. Biol. Chem. 125, 687 (1938). 

 ' A. G. Hogan and E. M. Parrott, J. Biol. Chem. 128, xlvi (1939). 



6 E. E. Snell and W. H. Peterson, J. Bacteriol. 39, 273 (1940). 



6 H. K. Mitchell, E. E. Snell, and R. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Sac. 63, 2284 (1941). 



7 E. L. R. Stokstad, J. Biol. Chem. 149, 573 (1943). 



8 J. C. Keresztesy, E. L. Rickes, and J. L. Stokes, Science 97, 465 (1943). 



9 G. M. Briggs, Jr., T. D. Luckey, C. A. Elvehjem, and E. B. Hart, J. Biol. Chem. 

 148, 163 (1943). 



'" A. I-;. SchumacluT, G. V. Ilcu.scr, and L. C. Norris, ./. Biol. Chem. 135, 313 (1940). 

 " L. Wills and A. Stewart, Brit. ./. Exptl. Pathol. 16, 444 (1935). 



