Chapter 15 

 RIBOFLAVIN 



Page 



I. XonuMR-latuir 300 



II. Chomistry 301 



A. Isolation 303 



H. Chomical and Physical Properties 305 



C. Constitution 309 



D. Synthesis 314 



1 . Chemical Methods 314 



2. Biochemical Formation 322 



3. Microorganisms as Producers 324 



E. Specificity 325 



1. Growth Stimulators 325 



2. Antagonists of Riboflavin 327 



3. Nitroflavins and Basically Substituted Isoalloxazines 331 



III. Industrial Preparation 332 



IV. Biochemical Systems 334 



A. Coenzymes 334 



1. General Properties of Flavin Coenzymes 336 



2. Riboflavin Phosphate 337 



3. Riboflavin Adenine Dinucleotide 337 



B. Enzymes 339 



1 . Old Yellow Enzyme 339 



2. Synthetic, or Crossed, Yellow Enzyme 342 



3. Haas Enzyme 343 



4. Diaphorase 343 



5. Straub Flavoprotein, Soluble Diaphorase 344 



6. Cytochrome C Reductase of Yeast 346 



7. Cytochrome C Reductase of Liver 347 



8. Xanthine Oxidase, Aldehjde Oxidase, Xanthopterin Oxidase . . 350 



9. Liver Aldehyde Oxidase 351 



10. i)-Amino Acid Oxidase 353 



11. L-Amino Acid Oxidase, L-Hydroxy Acid Oxidase 354 



12. Glycine Oxidase 355 



13. Fumaric Hydrogenase 355 



14. Glucose Oxidase of Molds 356 



15. Ilistaminase, Diamino Oxidase 356 



C. Mechanism of Action 35S 



V. SpeciHcity of Action 359 



\'l. Biogenesis 361 



^■II. Estimation 361 



.\. Physical and Chemical Methods 361 



1 . Fluorometric Methods 361 



299 



