X. EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY 387 



()l>serv(Hl which not only have advanced our uii(l('is(aiHhii<i; ol" rihollaviii 

 dedciency hut also have been of major importance in llie (h.scovory of the 

 more recently described vitamins of the B complex. 



Phillips and Engel''^ have observed in chicks specific pathology in the 

 main peripheral nerve trunks, characterized by degenerative changes in 

 the myelin sheaths of the nerve fibers, which was quite similar to that 

 seen during riboflavin deficiency in rats''^ on high-fat diets. A prolonged, 

 mild deficiency produced a characteristic ''curled-toe paralysis" in chick- 

 ens.»9 



Riboflavin deficiency in turkeys"^ '*'"• "^' produced a severe dermatitis. 

 Hegsted and Perry^^ did not observe any characteristic gross signs of ribo- 

 flavin deficiency in the duckling; the animals failed to grow and died within 

 a week. 



E. IN MAN 

 M. K. HORWITT 



A syndrome resembling pellagra (pellagra sine pellagra) has been known 

 for centuries, but its relationship to the diet was first recognized by Stannus 

 in 1911.^''- ■ ^'^^ His findings were generally confirmed and augmented by 

 Bahr^o^ (1912 to 1914) in Ceylon, Scotti"* (1918) in Jamaica, Mooreio^' '"^ 

 (1930) in West Africa, Landor and Pallister'°^ (1935) in Singapore, and 

 Ackroyd and Krishnan''^^ (1936) in South India. Yeast products were first 

 used therapeutically by Goldberger and Tanner"" (1925) in their classical 

 studies on induced pellagra, and by Fitzgerald"^ (1932), who reported an 

 outbreak in an Assam prison of ulcerations at the angles of the mouth 

 which were benefited by 1 oz. of yeast daily. 



The first suggestion that two separate dietary factors might be concerned 

 in the production of clinical pellagra came from Goldberger et al}^- in 1918, 

 and what appears to have been riboflavin deficiency was produced on a 



99 P. H. Phillips and R. W. Engel, /. Nutrition 16, 451 (1938). 

 100 S. Lepkovsky and T. H. Jukes, /. Nutrition 12, 515 (1936). 

 i»i T. H. Jukes, Poultry Sci. 17, 227 (1938). 



102 H. S. Stannus, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 5, 112 (1912). 

 1" H. S. Stannus, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 7, 32 (1913). 

 ">< P. H. Bahr, A Report on Researches on Sprue in Ceylon, 1912-1914. Cambridge 



University Press, London, 1915. 

 '" H. H. Scott, Ann. Trop. Med. 12, 109 (1918). 

 >o« D. G. F. Moore, West African Med. J. 4, 46 (1930). 

 >•" D. G. F. Moore, J. Trop. Med. 42, 109 (1939). 



»"* V. J. Landor and R. A. Pallister, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 19, 121 (1935). 

 •09 W. R. Ackroyd and B. G. Krishnan, Indian J. Med. Research 24, 411 (1936). 

 "0 J. Goldberger and W. F. Tanner, Public Health Rept. {U.S.) 40, 54 (1925). 

 "1 G. H. Fitzgerald, Indian Med. Gaz. 67, 556 (1932). 

 "2 J. Goldberger, G. A. Wheeler, and E. Sydenstricker, /. Am. Med. Assoc. 71, 944 



(1918). 



