430 THIAMINE 



Table I 

 Reactions Catalyzed by Thiamine Pyrophosphate Enzymes 



1 



Reactions 



ReJerences 



Pyruvic acid — > Acetaldehyde + CO2 



Pyruvic acid + oxygen — * CO2 + H2O 



Pyruvic acid + oxygen — > Acetic acid + CO2 



Pyruvic acid + phosphate + oxygen ^ 



Acetylphosphate + CO2 + H2O 

 Pyruvic acid + phosphate + H2O -^ Acetyl- 

 phosphate + H2 + CO2 

 Pyruvic acid + phosphate -^ Acetylphos- 

 phate + HCOOH 

 Pyruvic acid + CO2 -^ Oxalacetic acid 

 Pyruvic acid + oxygen -^ Citric acid 

 Pyruvic acid + oxygen — * Acetolactic acid 

 Pyruvic acid + O2 — > a-Ketoglutaric acid 

 Pyruvic acid + O2 — * Succinic acid 

 Pyruvic acid + (O2) -^ Carbohydrate 

 Pyruvic acid -^ Formation of acetylcholine 

 2 Pyruvic acid — ♦ Acetoin + 2CO2 



Acetaldehyde — > Acetoin 



Pyruvic acid + acetaldehyde — > Acetoin 

 + CO2 



2 Pyruvic acid ^ a-Acetolactic acid + CO2 



Acetic acid + O2 -* CO2 + H2O 



a-Ketobutyric acid + 02^ Propionic acid 

 + CO2 



a-Ketovaleric acid + O2 — > Butyric acid -f 

 CO2 



a-Ketoisovaleric acid — » Isobutyric alde- 

 hyde + CO2 



a-Ketobutyric acid — » Propioin + CO2 



a-Ketoglutaric acid — > Succinic semialde- 

 hyde + CO2 



a-Ketoglutaric acid + 02^ Succinic acid 



2 Diacetyl -1- 2H2O — ♦ Acetoin + 2 acetic acid 



Lohmann and Schuster, ^^ Kensler et 



al.,^^ Cajori^fi 

 Peters and his school, see Peters," 



Stumpf et al}° 

 Lipmann,38 Still,39 Stumpf,^^ Stumpf 



et al.^° 

 Lipmann^" 



Utter and Werkman,''! Kalnitzky and 



Werkman'*^ 

 Utter and Werkman," Kalnitzky and 



Werkman^- 

 Krebs and Eggleston,*' Smyth^^ 

 Sober et al.,'^^ Barron et al^^ 

 Barron et alJ'^ 

 Barron et al." 

 Barron et al." 

 Barron et al.^'' 

 Mann and Quastel,^* Minz^^ 

 Silverman and Werkman,^" Green el 



al.,^^- " Cajori^fi 

 Green et al.^'- 

 Gross and Werkman^^ 



Juni^3 



Quastel and Webley"' " 



Long and Peters,^'' Stumpf^^ 



Long and Peters (56) 



Green et al.^^ 



Green et al.^^ 

 Green et al.^^- " 



Stumpf et al.,-° Barron ct al.^'' 

 Green et al.^^ 



34 E. R. Buchman, E. Heegard, and W. G. KerckholT, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 

 26, 561 (1940). 



35 C. J. Kensler, N. F. Young, and C. P. Rhoads, /. Biol. Chem. 143, 465 (1942). 



36 F. A. Cajori, J. Biol. Chem. 143, 357 (1942). 



37 R. A. Peters, Bull. soc. chim. hiol. 28, 700 (1946). 



38 F. Lipmann, Enzymologin 4, 65 (1937). 



39 J. L. Still, Biochem. J. 35, 380 (1941). 



