FAMILY 4. SACCAMMINIDAE 71 



Test attached, 



1. Test circular, low, of very fine material; aperture at the rim. 



Webbinella. 



2. Test very irregular, of coarse material; aperture at the rim. 



Iridia. 



3. Test conical, largely of sponge spicules Rhax>hido scene. 



4. Test subglobular. 



a. Apertures at ends, near base Tholosina. 



b. Apertures on upper side, in a depression Verrucina. 



Subfamily 1. Psammosphaerinae 

 Test without a definite aperture 



Genus PSAMMOSPHAERA F. E. Schultze, 1875 



Plate 3, figures 13-16; plate 5, figures 15, 16 ^ 



Genoholotype, Psammos^^haera fusca F. E. Schultze 



PsaTnmosphaera F. E. Schultze, II Jahr. Comm. Wiss. Unt. deutsch. 

 Meer in Kiel, 1875, p. 113. 



Test free or attached, globular ; wall composed of a thin layer 

 of chitin with an outer wall of sand grains, mica flakes, sponge 

 spicules or other f oraminif eral tests, firmly cemented ; aperture 

 indefinite. 



Jurassic to Recent. 



There is a high degree of selection in the material of the test 

 in the different species and also in the manner of using the 

 materials. According to Heron-Allen and Earland (Journ. Roy. 

 Micr. Soc, 1913, p. 16, etc.) the "protoplasm extrudes through 

 the fine pores of the cement, and functions of digestion are 

 carried on outside of the test." One species (PI. 3, figs. 15, 16) 

 chooses a long sponge spicule as the attachment for the test. 



The genus Orbulinaria Rhumbler may belong close to 

 Psammosphaera. The characters of this genus are not wholly 

 clear, but Rhumbler himself places it next to Psammosphaera. 

 It has apparently a calcareous test although made up of irregular 

 bodies. It is largely recorded from the Cretaceous but there 

 are apparently recent species also. I have not studied the types 

 and prefer not to definitely place the genus. /aG.^ ^'A 7 





