III. PROPAGATION OF TRANSNATURATION & MULTIPLICATION 53 



The assimilase action, as discussed in the previous chapter, arises 

 from the orderly polymerization of protein molecules of the same struc- 

 ture, and hence, when the polymerization is incomplete and loose, a 



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Fig. 9. The mode of multiplication of virus in protoplasm. 



virus particle may fail to act as a typical virus, only being capable of 

 disturbing the structure of the protoplasm without inducing exact re- 

 plica. Such an incomplete virus particle may sometimes be able to 

 exhibit its virus action, if many particles are put together to be 

 stabilized in its structure or to be united to cooperate. Luria (16) 

 found a peculiar phenomenon that phage is produced when bacterium 

 is infected with many particles of phage inactivated by ultraviolet light. 

 In addition it has been reported that a great number of mouse pox 

 virus having been inactivated and being unable to multiply can enhance 

 the virus action of a minute quantity of the intact virus (17). Moreover, 

 evidences are known that a virus which has been inactivated to a certain 

 degree is capable of developing some effect upon the protoplasm of host 

 cells though fails to produce the replica. For example, phage particle 

 inactivated by ultraviolet ray can promote the lysis of bacteria due to 

 irradiation, thereby no virus multiplication taking place (18), and again 

 phage particles inactivated by X-ray irradiation is still able to lyse and 

 kill sensitive bacteria (19). . 



Physiologically active agents such as enzymes and toxins may be 

 similar to viruses in their action, but so perfect a polymerization as in 

 viruses, if needed, may not be necessary for their function, as the 

 action of a template is never needed in these agents. 



