172 III. THE EVOLUTION OF VIRUSES 



identical to that of a Rickettsia, form a liquid crystal corresponding 

 to the changed structure, the shape peculiar to the Rickettsiae will be 

 developed in the protoplasm, with the multiplication of the peculiarly 

 shaped body. 



In case of viruses, protoplasm proteins, changed in structure by a 

 virus, occasionally form large "crystals" under some conditions ; the 

 crystals are termed inclusion bodies. Viruses are able to exhibit their 

 function in the form of a single elementary body or sometimes even 

 in much smaller particles produced through the decomposition of the 

 elementary body itself, so that such large crystals are never necessary 

 for their function. However, if the function could not be set forth 

 unless the proteins formed such a large "crystal", the inclusion body 

 would be regarded as the only feature of the virus. 



For the achievement of complicated functions, indispensable for 

 usual organisms, large sizes are apparently necessary for the assimi- 

 lase. Viruses therefore must have the property to form larger parti- 

 cles in order to advance on a line of indisputable organisms. 



Of orgainisms called bacteria, there are many groups which are 

 strictly parasitic, usually only capable of multiplying in the presence 

 of certain cells, accodingly failing to grow in culture meida unless 

 blood proteins are mixed. Neisseria Moraxella or the group of Morax- 

 Axenfeld bacillus, and B. pneumosintes may be cited as such bacteria, 

 which can be regarded as primitive bacteria evolved comparatively re- 

 cently from viruses. 



The writer proposes the name, "secondary organisms" to these 

 organisms thus evolved from viruses, and accordingly the organisms 

 in which the secondary organisms are advanced must be called "pri- 

 mary organisms". 



